m/"c/"

  #c/#a =1*"e~`ft1
  ,Hemingway's ,Passion for ,Cats
  =1r%1m%'n/1rw`my1$'
  #c/#b qv'*"
  #c/#c e?'=1k*1k?`
  #c/#d l!'p/`~1d*"
  ,How ,Do ,Different ,Thermometers
,Measure ,Up8
  ='d/"k*"a:'d3'i%`o
  #c/#e d}`pt'8"d/1
  ,Fun ,Facts ,About ,Pigeons1 the ,Most
,Misunderstood of ,All ,Creatures
  gu"c/"k%'i(`j*1i:1i:"f3't1;-k!'-2lo
  ;-*'j41"""-2 h!`m!ai3'o
  #c/#f k{'dt`r9"f*1
  ,Famous ,Fashion ,Designer ,Passes
,Away
  i:1ix"d>"i:'p*1:`-l>`dz'k3"i:"2e.`j*1
i("ks`i:1o>'e$"
  #c/#h l!"c("h:"
  ,How ,Much-,Understanding ,Opportunity
,Cost
  k*'r$"bz1ou`33gx"n*`d!ae~`h!1kz"c*`ey"
  #c/#i a/`f*1e+`h3"
  ,Spot the ,Fake
  k)`r3"rz"ey12g/1r!1h:"o%`o
  #c/#aj e?'=1y'|`
  ,Virgin ,Hyperloop ,Holds ,First
,Passenger ,Trial
  ;-b%'k*1k%'f+`-2 b/'q>'l i(`j:"hw"gu1
j!"i:"bz1k&'
  #c/#aa bx1pt'8"d/1
  ,The ,Life-,Givers of the ,Desert3
,Oases throughout the ,World
  ?`jx1hw"i>'m<"a&'d!aiz'my"a:'~133c|"
a('
  q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`et"dy"es'i:"d!aj|'o+1
  #c/#ab bx1pt'8"d/1
  ,The ,Life-,Givers of the ,Desert3
,Oases throughout the ,World
  ?`jx1hw"i>'m<"a&'d!aiz'my"a:'~133c|"
a('
  #c/#ac i:1c*"j!"t"
  #c/#ae pt'ax'k+1k("
  ,Valuing and ,Protecting the ,Great
,Outdoors ,,LNT3
  6`o%"/1ru1iv'c?1
  #c/#af =1e81}"r9'f&`
  ,The ,Evils of ,Wealth ,Haunt ,The
,Pearl
  {au'a/'o33jw1m*1e?'j{"d!ao0'k|"
  s1*1="j:1?`d%`d!amy1j:1h:`k|"a:'ey1bz1
k*16"q>`
  #c/#ag =1e81}"r9'f&`
  ,The ,Evils of ,Wealth ,Haunt ,The
,Pearl
  {au'a/'o33jw1m*1e?'j{"d!ao0'k|"
  #c/#ah c*"i:`r$1cx1
  ,The ,Periodic ,Table of ,Elements
over the ,Years
  r9"e81~1e/"pw1pw1av"
  #c/#ai d}`pt'8"d/1
  ,Mbira3 ,A ,Uniquely ,African ,Sound
  q0'a('cy1r=1m0`iz'33m/`a:`j?1
  dw"my1j:1 it h3"e|'i("j:1d!a6"q>`
  #c/#bj q>'i%'k!'j|`
  ,Rest of ,My ,Life
  3`d!a|1iz'
  #c/#bb l!"c("h:"
  ,History's ,Best ,Fake ,Artist
  i:"k*"h$"d>"k)`r9"pt"k|1/ rv"-qv"-m*`
k!1c=1
  #c/#bc f/1pt"e+`h3"
  ,What ,Terrible ,Food
  h%'k%'d!ai:1/"l
  #c/#bd =1*"e~`ft1
  ,The ,Joy of ,Kitesurfing1 an ,Ocean
,Enthusiast's ,Favorite ,Pastime0
  bz1a!aqz'az'b&'cx"j|"l
  #c/#be 8"d/1j!"t"
  ,The ,History of ,Clothing and ,Fabric
  o/"o/"ky'e?' k/`k?'*'c{"d>"e('b>1
  qu'j:1k|"k("33q/"j:1h:`k|"r9"kt`q>`
  #c/#bf bx1pt'8"d/1
  ,The ,History of ,Clothing and ,Fabric
  o/"o/"ky'e?' k/`k?'*'c{"d>"e('b>1
  #c/#bg i:1c*"j!"t"
  #c/#bi r9"i3'ey'j*1
  ,Wake ,Up6 ,It's ,Moon-,Day
  ey'j*1*'/ 8"c."a:'g:"
  #c/#cj k}"6"|`
  ,One ,Rotten ,Apple ,Spoils the
,Barrel/ ,Bunch
  *'c*"c%`i/`i:`2r7"c!a*'k3'a('
  #c/#ca k+`e*'=1q>`
  d&"my1j:1
          33333333333333333333

       #aajjc ,Ed ,Letter ,March
  ,Is this the year people can start
traveling again8 ,Whether it is or not1
this month at ,Analytical ,English1 we
definitely have travel on our minds4
,First1 we think everyone should be
8,Valuing and ,Protecting the ,Great
,Outdoors0 and you can learn exactly how
to do that4
  ,Once it's possible to visit new
places1 we have a couple of ideas in
mind4 ,It would be thrilling to take a
trip to 8,The ,Life-,Givers of the
,Desert3 ,Oases throughout the ,World4
8,We'd also love to hear the 8,Mbira3 ,A
,Uniquely ,African ,Sound0 that is
popular throughout ,Zimbabwe4 ,Of
course1 some kinds of adventures can be
found all over the world4 ,As long as
you're near a beach1 you can discover
8,The ,Joy of ,Kitesurfing1 an ,Ocean
,Enthusiast's ,Favorite ,Pastime40
  ,Perhaps these trips won't happen1 but
it is fun to daydream about them4
,Speaking of fantasy1 check out our
article 8,Virgin ,Hyperloop ,Holds
,First ,Passenger ,Trial40 ,Do you think
we could be traveling in high-speed
tubes any time soon8 ,As you flip
through the ,March issue of ,Analytical
,English1 you might start dreaming of
places you want to travel to in the
future4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#a =1*"e~`ft1
  ,Hemingway's ,Passion for ,Cats
  =1r%1m%'n/1rw`my1$'

  by ,Brian ,Foden
  ,It's quite likely that you've heard
of the ,American novelist ,Ernest
,Hemingway1 who lived from #ahii to
#aifa4 ,It's possible that you know he
won the ,Nobel ,Prize and had a huge
7#a---7 on the literary world4 ,You
might even be familiar with some of his
classic works of fiction1 like ,The ,Old
,Man and the ,Sea and ,For ,Whom the
,Bell ,Tolls4 ,However1 you probably
don't know the 7#b---7 side of the man
affectionately known as 8,Papa40 ,In
short1 ,Hemingway had an enormous and
curious affection for cats4 ,In fact1
his passion for felines would be a good
subject for a novel based on the 7#c---7
of obsession4
  ,While many animal-lovers would be
content to have one1 two1 or perhaps a
trio of pets1 it is said that ,Hemingway
owned more than #ej cats while he lived
in ,Cuba4 ,The writer 7#d---7 the
animals as 8purr factories0 and famously
said1 8,One cat just leads to another40
,Originally1 he dedicated only one
7#e---7 bedroom as the place for his
pets4 ,However1 he eventually 7#f---7 so
many of them that he decided to let the
furry creatures have full reign of the
house4
  ,This tradition carries on today1 six
decades after his death1 at his 7#g---7
residence in ,Key ,West1 ,Florida4 ,The
#dj-plus felines at this house roam
freely in what has become a museum
dedicated to 7#h---7 ,Hemingway's
memory4 ,Visitors can spot the cats
resting inside the house or outside on
the grounds in the garden or near the
swimming pool4 ,Interestingly1 the
museum staff says that many of the
animals living there today are 7#i---7
of a cat named ,Snow ,White 7although
some say its name was ,Snowball74 ,These
cats share a 7#aj---7 physical feature4
,That is1 about half of the cat
population at the ,Key ,West
house-turned-museum have an extra toe4
,If you ever visit southern ,Florida1
take time to check out the ,Hemingway
,House ,Museum4
  7,A7 theme     7,B7 former
  7,C7 spare     7,D7 preserving
  7,E7 described 7,F7 opponents
  7,G7 eccentric      7,H7 descendants
  7,I7 promising      7,J7 influence
  7,K7 distinguishing 7,L7 accumulated

  7,A7 theme n4 a/`f*1
  ? ,The theme of our costume party is
angels and devils4
  a!"j:"3`muaov"a_'pw"d$"d!aa/`f*1i:"ft'
i:`|`m<1k$`-
  7,B7 former a4 j&1jt1d!a{k?`6"|1my1j:1
jt1o & n4 jt1a!`{e|'|`dy"k}"j:1 the oy"
6"o
  ? ,Their ranch was expanded to twice
its former size4
  f>'muad!am/"bx`o0"l3"av`d%"j&1jt1k$'
m<1d!ac.`o0"d>"-
  7,C7 spare a4 d3'|1/ et1a:"d!a & vt4
fz1b/'/ o<'b/'{k?'jt1,i:1kt',gu1i(`dz`o
& n4 o0"6"p?`
  ? ,Dean donates to charity when he has
some spare cash4
  d*1u'i(`ix"s`et1jt1i:1r$"k~'k0`j:1iv"
i:"+"-
  7,D7 preserve vt4 o%`j=12o%`b:1
  ? ,The museum does everything they can
to preserve ancient works of art4
  n>"kt'o<1/"k}`k+1k?"j~1c*"d!ao%`j=1k/`
dw"*"i/"p?`-
  7,E7 describe vt4 ey1g&12m{1i/"
  describe ,A as ,B o>` ,A ey1g&1/ m{1
i/"bz1 ,B
  ? ,Joey describes his mother as a
caring and loving person4
  j{1*'k.'f>'m/`j?'ey1g&1bz1*'k!"b&'mv`
k}'w"d!agu1-
  7,F7 opponent n4 d$"i(`2d*1i(`
  ? ,Bill used his superior strength to
defeat his opponent4
  o*`:`py1a!af>'d!as'i:"c*"c."k*1ow"c!a
d$"i(`-
  7,G7 eccentric a4 {ey1$1o k/`k7"d!a
  ? ,The doctor couldn't explain the
patient's eccentric behavior4
  *'iz'/1q>`k+`i:"n>"k!"oy"gu1d!ak/`k7"
ey1ky"-
  7,H7 descendant n4 r("dw"2r("*"
  ? ,Scott researched his family tree
and realized he was a descendant of an
emperor4
  i:`l%`f!"t1ks"h:"k*`d!ah/1p/`2q>'et"
h:"k*`i:"*'$"r_1d*"d!ar("dw"-
  7,I7 promising a4 s`jt1f/1d!a2d>"s`e*'
_"d!a
  promise vt4 & vi4 d>'y"2o%`az"
  ? ,Mark is a promising young man2 he
is full of drive4
  m>`l!"i:"k!"d>"s`jt1f/1d!ant1jy'gu1;
f>'b&'mv`c!akv"k?"-
  ? ,Ed promised me that he would
complete the task on time4
  w"d!1d>'y"k3"3`r$"a=`i:1}1bz1a!"e."gu"
/"-
  7,J7 influence n4 y`e.`{bx1|`k+"j:1 on
oy"6"o & vt4 y`e.`
  ? ,Although the singer passed away1
her influence on the music industry is
still present4
  e$'gv1a!"my1k!'i(`*`ky'i:"i:"2f>'d$"?'
8"k+"d!ay`e.`gz1hw"-
  7,K7 distinguishing a4 et`a/"d!a2s`j|'
o+1h3"6"d!a
  distinguish vt4 j|'qu'2qu'ot";i:`"""s`
o+1|1 & vi4 j|'qu'2qu'ot"
  distinguish ,A from ,B j|'o+1 ,A |`
,B2 i:` ,A s`o+1|1 ,B
  distinguish between ,A and ,B j|'o+1
,A |` ,B
  ? ,The robber has a distinguishing
scar on his face1 so the police easily
recognized him4
  kw'j.`q0`d!act`ix"s`d%"my1et`d!ao>'2?'
j:`ky`qx'ru`g&1*"ks"gu"b/'f>'-
  ? ,What distinguishes ,David from his
competitors is his creativity4
  d>"$"d!ab_"*"i:`f>'s`o+1|1ky"az'd$"
i(`-
  ? ,Can you distinguish between a
donkey and a mule8
  n*`nz1j|'qu'c|1h:`rv"c31m>ao
  7,L7 accumulate vt4 & vi4 c0`k*'2k*'
k|"
  ? ,Janice has accumulated considerable
experience in marketing since she began
working in that field4
  au'n*1e:'h:"j&1lw'i:`hw"ey1e{'cy`|"k&'
h3"a:'r("2ot"c0`k*'c!ae.'dx'l!`k}'d!aey1
e{'ky't"-
          33333333333333333333

    ~1cw1g/1j:`
  #a4 ,It's possible that you know he
won the ,Nobel ,Prize and had a huge
influence on the literary world4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`o/"dy"k}"j:1 a |`ey1g&1
j:1 huge {k*1d>"d!ao2l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1
on1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"dv'i/"l!`i/`my1
j:1*`o0" huge es'i:"-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,A7 theme1 7,C7 spare
k*1 7,J7 influence q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`
*"2n*`l!`nz1a:'d%"rw`my1$'y1k3"n3"o0":`
k.`2d$"=1fv1s`k*1d>";-y`e.`-22l!`a:'d>1
v"y'e~` 7,J74
  #b4 ,However1 you probably don't know
the eccentric side of the man
affectionately known as 8,Papa40
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`dy"k}"j:1 the1 :1l&"k!1
r("$1my1j:1 side {*'mt"o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'
a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1*`es'i:" side4
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,B7 former1 7,C7
spare1 7,G7 eccentric1 7,I7 promising
k*1 7,K7 distinguishing q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'
k|"|`*"2n*`o>'bz1o/"e{`d!aa!"$"n*"bz'$1
c%`d+'d!anv1h:`;-k/`k7"d!a-2 *'mt"2l!`
a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,G74
  #c4 ,In fact1 his passion for felines
would be a good subject for a novel
based on the theme of obsession4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`dy"k}"j:1 the1 :1l&"k!1
r("s`k+"j:1 of1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"my1
j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,A7 theme1 7,B7
former1 7,C7 spare1 7,F7 opponents |`
7,H7 descendants q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`
*"2g3"i:"s`e{`i3'*`b:'m*1$1;-a/`f*1-22
rw`my1$'d$"m%'d!ag!"w"r$"i:"ru`r%`d!af*1
jw12k/"d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74
  #d4 ,The writer described the animals
as 8purr factories0 and famously
said1'''
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`my1j:1j:1h/` ,The writer
{a!"my1h3"k)'o2:1l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1j:1h/`
the animals {a!"e+'d&"/"o,d$"dz`ct1k+'
j:1 and |`k3"j|"i:"d&"j:1 said {i3'o2k/"
a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"k3"j|"i:"k*1/"d&"j:1*`
rv" said ey1bz1d$"dz`-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,E7 described |` 7,L7
accumulated q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2rw`
my1$'k.'a!"e+'d&"/";-ey1g&1-2 $1r/'c/'
iz'k&'bx`2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,E71 a:"g/"
r("*"q/1r!1 8describe ,A as ,B0 d!a6"
q>`-
  #e4 ,Originally1 he dedicated only one
spare bedroom as the place for his pets4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`i/"c."j:1 one {*'k!"o2:1
l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1 bedroom {3"qx1o2k/"a:'
l&"k!1y'a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1*`es'i:" bedroom4
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,B7 former1 7,C7
spare1 7,I7 promising k*1 7,K7
distinguishing q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2
j*`b/'rw`my1$'a:`fz1b/'*'kt';-d3'|1d!a-2
3"qx1dx"h3"f>'b&`/"d!aa}'6"l&'kt'2l!`a:'
d>1v"$1 7,C74
  #f4 ,However1 he eventually
accumulated so many of them that he
decided to let the furry creatures have
full reign of the house4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`a/`j:1 he1 l&"k!1r("$1
h3"i("j:1d!amy1j:1j:1h/` so many of
them1 s1|1ou`k|"f*1d%"d!ai:"k3"j|"q>'iz'
d!ai:"2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"k3"j|"i:"k*1
/"d&"j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,L7 accumulated
q/1r!1f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("o{`h$"r("rw`my1$'
;-c0`k*'-2 c!aa!"m!ad3'a:'m%'2+`ks"i:"
f>'|".`|"d3'2d3'd%"f>'k81dy"gx"a!"e+'m%1
e{`rw16`s`qx1h:ad!aj~1mt"f&`a:"j~12k/"
e~`a:'-
  #g4 ,This tradition carries on
today1''' at his former residence in
,Key ,West1 ,Florida4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`e3`s`k!1 his1 l&"k!1r("
$1my1j:1 residence {a/"aw1o2k/"l&"k!1y'
a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1*`es'i:" residence4
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,B7 former1 7,I7
promising k*1 7,K7 distinguishing q/1r!1
f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2a!"e."b}1f&`hw"rw`my1
$'$"|1q<1c31c*`d>1a('k*'$'e:'f!"d!a
;-k/"-2 k|'t1e|"a:"k?'2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~`
7,B74
  #h4 ,The #dj-plus felines at this
house roam freely in what has become a
museum dedicated to preserving
,Hemingway's memory4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`k+"j:1 to1 l&"k!1r("$1
my1j:1j:1h/` ,Hemingway's memory {rw`my1
$'d!ar$1*"o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"k*1/"d&"
j:1d!ad&"my1j:1ey1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,D7 preserving1 7,I7
promising k*1 7,K7 distinguishing q/1r!1
f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2a!"d&"qx1h:a*`ot"bz1
o<1/"k}`2a}'mu16"cw1;-o%`j=1-2 rw`my1$'
d!ar$1*"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,D74
  #i4 '''many of the animals living
there today are descendants of a cat
named ,Snow ,White'''
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s` be d&"j:1 are1 :1l&"k!1
r("$1k+"j:1 of1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"my1
j:1r3"ey1g&1j:1-
  b4 iz"|1e~`e."k+'q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`
*"2g/1k?'iz'r31hw"rw`my1$'k/"k|'o<1/"k}`
d!ae|`d3'm%'d('i:"my1k{"ow1e8`k&'a/`d!a
m%'m*'d!a;-r("dw"-22l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~`
7,H7 descendants4
  #aj4 ,These cats share a
distinguishing physical feature4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`o/"dy"k}"j:1 a1 l&"k!1
r("s`my1j:1j:1h/` physical feature {iu'
f*`f!"az'o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"h:`?'lw'
f(1d!aey1g&1j:1*`es'i:" physical
feature4
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,I7 promising k*1
7,K7 distinguishing q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"
|`*"2a!"e+'m%'d('s`*'e.";-et`a/"d!a-2
iu'f*`f!"az'2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,K74
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 literary a4 =1e81d!a
  ? ,Shakespeare's ,The ,Merchant of
,Venice is my favorite literary work4
  i>'i:"o*`)"d!a{$'n*1e:'ix'gu1o i:"3`
h$"e*`r}'d!a=1e81h3"p?`-
  #b4 fiction n4 e{`i3'/ k/"i:"{o/"l!`
i/`o
  ? ,That short story is a work of
fiction4 ,In other words1 it is not
true4
  n>"h!1d}`pt'k/"i:"i:"e{`i3'h3"p?`- +`
ks"i:"i3'2f>'o/"i:"au'd!a-
  #c4 affectionately adv4 j?'j+"d!a
  affection n4 e*`w"{|`k+"j:1 for oy"6"o
  ? ,When ,Lisa saw her son1 she
affectionately embraced him4
  c*"i>'lv"d%":1h:ai:12ot"j?'j+"d!a6`o%"
f>'-
  ? ,Samuel has a great affection for
,Copper1 a dog he rescued from the
streets #aj years ago4
  iv'ms"ru`w"l>`o<12n>"i:"f>'i:1nt1jt1
j&1k+'ix"ks"cw1d!ak(`-
  #d4 famously adv4 b/'my1d!a2s`my1d!a
  ? ,As ,Patrick ,Henry famously said1
8,Give me liberty1 or give me death40
  pw"j$"l!"-rz'c*"i3'k3"a!"k|"my1t133
;-o/"h:"s12/1ny1e:`--2
  #e4 originally adv4 ~1ou`2h$"b/'
  ? ,Bob and ,Annie originally planned
to travel abroad for their honeymoon1
but ,Bob got sick and they didn't go4
  o%"o<1|`v'n*1~1ou`d>`e}"b/'k31d/"m*"
8"2dv"o%"o<1iz'oy"c!a2e3`*`f>'muam01nz1
bz1ey1-
  #f4 dedicate vt4 o>`{i:1kt',k?'jt1,l&'
kt'dz`o a}'6"|1
  dedicate ,A to ,B o>` ,A k0` ,B a}'6"
  ? ,The ,,TV network dedicates one of
its channels to sports4
  n>"k)'dt"i:"_`o>`j*1e)"*'k!"p?1d%"n>1
cw1a}'mu1o<"qx"f*`|"ew"i:"-
  #g4 reign n4 f&`a:"{i:1j*1o
  ? ,Society was stable and orderly
under the king's reign4
  hw"n>"$"k31_1f&`a:"d!ai:1j*12i!"r$"v'
dy"s"s`a:"e|"-
  #h4 residence n4 a/"aw12k|'e3`
  ? ,My residence is only a #aj-minute
walk from the park4
  3`a/"d!ad*"qx'c*1n>"h3"k&'~1a:`s`i:1
qu'a&'d!ao/"ey1k|"c*1-
  #i4 roam vi4 et1k_"2mv"o/"
  ? ,Mr4 ,Macdonald allows his sheep to
roam freely on the hillsides4
  mw"dx'c%1et'iz'gx"f>'d!a.1j41hw"iv'p<'
ix"h:"s1et1k_"-
  #aj4 feature n4 f!"az'2f!"e!"
  ? ,The physical features of the corgi
include short legs and muscular thighs4
  l!'k*'j~`d!aiu'f*`f!"az'o%'k9'd}`f$`
rv"j.1a_"d!ad>"f$`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 hear of/ about''' fy'i3'"""
  ? ,Have you ever heard of purple peas8
,I wonder if they taste strange4
  n*`s`fy'i3'k3"h:`e!"}`d("m>ao o/"a:'
d%"bx1j*`cw1$"d%"r$"o/"r$"ru`k7"-
  #b4 in short kt`:1t1a:'2h&`a:'
  ? ,In short1 ,Mr4 ,Garcia is more than
satisfied with your performance at work4
  kt`:1t1a:'2k)`e*')"et'iz'q0'bx1mv`*"
n*`d!ak&'h3"o{`et"-
  #c4 be content to ,V mv`h/1|1/ c!"d!a
h3"m(`i:"
  ? ,I'm content to sit back and watch
,,TV all afternoon4
  i/'i/'q/1q/1d!ah3"e)"cw1lv"*'az`k!"e)"
/`d!adt"i:"gx"3`ru`mv`h/1-
  #d4 lead to ,N/ ,V-ing d%`a:"/ h%"
bz1"""
  ? ,Too much pressure can lead to
physical illness4
  )'c*"fw"d>"r$"d%`a:"iu'f*`qx'mt"d!ak*1
oy"-
  #e4 carry on t1e|";k*"e|"k?"ey1
  ? ,We carried on as usual while our
manager was away on business4
  3`muad!aa/`k}`b/'bw'i:123`mua*'g/1_`
bx1k*"e|"h3"3`muad!ai:"-
  #f4 check out'''/ check''' out b>1lv"/
j{1j{1"""{s`j|"d!agu1 / i:"/ /"o
  ? ,Let's go check out the new
amusement park4
  3`muad%"n>"k!"e?'lw'd!as1c!"~1j{1j{1
o>a-
          33333333333333333333

  {o feline n4 m%';m%'l!'d&"/"
  {o obsession n4 b:'m*1
  {o trio n4 ev'gu1/ d&"/"/ i:"/"ey1bz1
d!a*'h/`
  {o purr n4 {m%'|1l7"i:1q>'b/'d!ao r/'
c/'iz'
  {o furry a4 m%1g&1g&1d!a
          33333333333333333333

  n*`ru`s`l!`nz1fy'i3'k3"m0`k31e{`i3'k)'
!"n*1e:'f!"-rw`my1$'2f>'iz'|1 #ahii nt12
h/1|1 #aifa nt1- n*`l!`nz1a:'d%"f>'y1k3"
n3"o0":`k.`2d$"=1fv1s`k*1d>"y`e.`- +`e|`
n*`iu"a:"rw1ru`i/1e*'f>'d!ak*`o/"ky'dt`
e{`i3'h3"p?`2e."i:"{c%`gu1|`rw`o |`{av"
d*"a&'iz'o- gv1:12n*`o>'bz1o/"e{`d!aa!"
$"n*"bz'$1;-c%`d+'-2 d!anv1h:`k/`k7"d!a
*'mt"- kt`:1t1a:'2rw`my1$'ru`w"m%'2:1j+`
f>'d$"m%'d!aw"cy"gu1q0`*1e3`e:'- i:"i:1
ix"2g3"i:"s`o/"e{`i3'*`b:'m*1$1a/`f*12
f>'d$"m%'d!ag!"w"r$"i:"ru`r%`d!af*1jw1-
  e|`d3'e*`w"d&"/"d!agu1.`*'a:',c.`a:'2
r3"a!`ev'a:'b&`/"ks"e?'mv`*"h/1c!a2dv"
k|"i3'rw`my1$'a/"hw"k/`o>'i:1.`c!a/`i:1
k*`a:'m%'- a!"my1h3"k)'k.'a!"e+'d&"/"ey1
g&1$1;-r/'c/'iz'k&'bx`-22f>'rw1s`k|"my1
t133;-.`c!a*'a:'m%'2ks"r$"hw".`*'a:'--2
j*`b/'f>'a:`o<'b/'*'kt'd3'|1d!a3"qx1dx"
h3"f>'b&`/"d!aa}'6"l&'kt'- gv1:12f>'h$"
r("|".`|"d3'2d3'd%"f>'k81dy"gx"a!"e+'m%1
e{`rw16`s`qx1h:ad!aj~1mt"f&`a:"j~1-
  hw"f>'k3"i:"cs"i:1nt1r("2a!"e."b}1f&`
hw"f>'$"|1q<1c31c*`d>1a('k*'$'e:'f!"d!a
k/"k|'t1e|"a:"k?'- a!"d&"qx1h:a*`ot"bz1
o<1/"k}`2a}'mu16"cw1o%`j=1rw`my1$'d!ar$1
*"2s`e:"i:1k*`a:'m%'hw"c*`f(1h:"s1et1
k_"- s1l!"l!`*`lv"d%"m%'hw"/'c*`,/'7"r9'
~1d!ad*"ix"r3"6`b:1q/"k?"es'e*1- s`j|"
d!ai:"2a!"kt'o<1/"k}`d!a~1k&'i3'2g/1k?'
iz'r31hw"n>"c*`d!ae|`d3'm%'d('i:"my1k{"
ow1e8`k&'a/`d!am%'m*'d!ar("dw"{dv"+`s`
gu1i3'f>'d!amy1h:"i:"e8`js1o- a!"e+'m%'
d('s`*'e."et`a/"d!aiu'f*`f!"az'- n>"ks"
i:"2hw"k*'$'e:'f!"n>"d&"s1a/"aw1kw`bz1
d!ao<1/"k}`c*`28's`ov"i/"d!am%'d('d3'c!a
*'ku'k{`a:`- g/1k3`n*`i!1m!ai:1r("{"d%"
q<1c31c*`d>1a('nv1o/"*'s12k*"d!1r9'dt`
i:1kt'jv'k}'rw`my1$'k/"k|'o<1/"k}`-

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,J #b4 ,G #c4 ,A #d4 ,E
#e4 ,C #f4 ,L #g4 ,B #h4 ,D #i4 ,H #aj4
,K
          33333333333333333333

  e/".`l7"b&'av"
  ,About the ,Cats with ,Extra ,Toes
  k}'|1n>"e+'k{`a:`f!"o+1d3'd!am%'
m*'"""

  #a4 ,They are also called polydactyl
cats4 ,This word derives from the ,Greek
language4
  8,Polys0 means 8many0 and 8dactylos0
means 8digit40
  f>'mua+`k{";-d3'a:`m%'-2- a!"k!"j:1~1
|1e*'c>"|`- polys i:";-e|`d3'-2 d!a*"
e:'2 dactylos h!1i:"a:`;-i(`a:`r3"k{`
a:`-2-
  polydactyl a4 d3'a:`/ a:`d!a
  #b4 ,Polydactylism is caused by a
genetic mutation and is passed down
through dominant genes4
  d3'a:`i:"s1k*'?'f/1ot"?`j*`2k+"s1et`
ey"k*'?'*1b}1-
  mutation n4 f/1ot"
  #c4 ,Normal cats have five toes on
their front paws and four on the back
paws4
  ,Polydactyl cats can have up to nine
toes on each paw4
  az"bx1d!am%'jt1a9`k!"s`/`a:`2r("a9`k!"
s`e:"a:`- d3'a:`m%'d!am0`a:'a9`h:aix"h!1
h$"d3'l!`*`s`ks`a:`-
  #d4 ,The world record for the most
toes belongs to a tabby named ,Jack1 who
had seven toes on each paw4
  i:"ix"h$"d3'a:`d!ak*"c/"i:"*'a:'my1k{"
k+1l!"d!ar/`ov'm%'2f>'d!am0`a:'a9`h:ad('
s`j*'a:`-
  #e4 ,Polydactylism is common among
,Maine ,Coons4 ,In the past1 around
#dj`0 of ,Maine ,Coons had this trait4
  d3'a:`hw"mt`?'m%'dx'a&'ru`bx1kt"- *`_`
d>"8's`e:"bz1d!amt`?'m%'s`a!"a&`f!"az'-
  #f4 ,This condition can be good for
cats4 ,Extra toes mean larger paws1
which help cats balance when they climb
or hunt4
  a!"a&`az'a_"d$"m%'l!`nz1s`r%`b/"- k{`
a:`k{"d3'2a9`h:aot"k{"d>"2a9`h:ad>"s`a/"
|1m%'hw"pv'p>1r3"o/`c+"i:1o%`b:1py1rz1-
  #g4 ,Sailors used to believe
polydactyl cats bring good luck1 so it
was common to see them on ships4
,Actually1 ,Hemingway's pet ,Snow
,White was given to him by a sea
captain4
  j&1jt1i$`i(`gu"$1d3'a:`m%'r$"dw"cw1r%`
4"2e3`*`k3"j|"f>'muahw"b}1ix"e.'dx'bx1
kt"- i:"i:1ix"2rw`my1$'.`d!aow1e8`k&'a/`
ks"i:"*'$"b}1ax`e&"k0`f>'d!a-
  ,Quotes from ,Famous ,Historical
,Figures
          3333333333333333333

  e*'m%'i:`ix"d!amy1gu1|`c/"
  #a4 8,The smallest feline is a
masterpiece40
  "1,Leonardo da ,Vinci
  ;-h$"e{`d!am%'i:"*'kt"k+1h3"--2"1c*`%"
n>"d3'-d>1=1e*'
  #b4 8,There are two means of refuge
from the miseries of life3 music and
cats40
  "1,Albert ,Schweitzer
  ;-s`c.`a&`qx'i:"l!`*`ox'n*`d3`o*"iz'
my"a&'d!al/`nv"33?'8"rv"m%'--2
  "1iu1e81k)'>":`o<1f!"-i:`r71a!1
  #c4 8,I love cats because ,I enjoy my
home2 and little by little1 they become
its visible soul40
  "1,Jean ,Cocteau
  ;-3`w"m%'2?'$"3`w"3`d!ak)';:1m%'r$"kt"
kt"ot"bz1k)'d!as`ey1cy1r=1--2
  "1d%`t`ix"-l%`l!"d3'
  #d4 8,Of all ,God's creatures1 there
is only one that cannot be made slave of
the leash4
  ,That one is the cat40
  "1,Mark ,Twain
  ;-ix"d*"d!ah%"/"a&'2a:`s`*'."o/"kw'i("
d%"jt'iz1d!al&"a:"2n>"ks"i:"m%'--2
  "1h3"k)'m>`l!"-f/`='
  #e4 8,A cat has absolute emotional
honesty3 human beings1 for one reason or
another1 may hide their feelings1 but a
cat does not40
  "1,Ernest ,Hemingway
  ;-m%'d!ajy1kv`k81d$"bz1i:133gu1c0"r$"
?'$"a/'d3'c*`s1?`jx1h:"k*`d!ajy1kv`2dv"
i:"m%'o/"r$"--2
  "1h3"k)'!"n*1e:'f!"-rw`my1$'
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#b qv'*"

  jy`k.'*`e)"c.`k!"f*1h/`d!aa&'=1k|"h:a
*"bz1az"j8",f&'i=",d>1*"d!ay'=1-
  ,A f*1h/`
  #a4 *'k!"gu1g3"i:"ky'k*"nz1c*"e|`l!`2
b/'k31c|`ey1i:"*'a&`f3"av`i:"+`d!ar%`qx'
q>`-
  #b4 d3'b&'i:1k}'|1n*`k*"r9"h%"qx`d*"
dt`d!aa:'i:"2rw1l!`*`hz'j.1d/1c*"e:'l%`
d!anz1c*"-
          333333333333333333333

  #a4 d*"*'f*1l!`*"$133
  ,If one is financially capable/ able1
traveling abroad is a good way to
broaden/ expand one's horizons4
  qv'*"{"dt`
  a4 ou`k|"i:`6"b=1f{1kt"k)`i!"|`j*"2o{`
i:"i3'r9"a!`gu"$1g3" if h:`k|"d!af{1kt"
j=1hw"2ks"r$"s`|"j*1d!ak+1k3`- g/1k3`bu1
i/"d!an0"g&1|`i:1kt'/1k}'2:1i:"*'ov'i:"
i:1r3"jy1l_"i:12 if h:`k|"r$"6"et"hw"
i:"2a/`{"h:`k|"h!16"et"hw"i:"r3"j*1i:`
k|"-
  ? ,If you lend me your car1 ,I promise
to fill it up with gas4
  g/1k3`n*`o>`b!'k+"k0`3`23`o%`az"r$"o>`
s1k)'mv`-
  ? ,If you have any questions1 please
give me a call4
  g3"n*`s`gu"r!1="f*12jy`d>`dt"r9"k0`3`-
  b4 ou`k|"d!a;-ky'k*"nz1c*"e|`l!`-2 l!`
*"$1 8financially capable/ able04
capable |` able k+'l!`o{`;-s`"""d!anz1
c*"2nz1"""d!a-22*'ov'bx1kt"6"q>`$1 be
capable of ,V-ing 7.k be able to ,V71
o{`;-s`nz1c*"{h3"o"""-2;j:`7"2hw"
capable r3" able jt1a:"q/"j:1i:1{g/1ou`
k|"6"q>`o2h!1o{`;-hw""""ix"s`nz1c*"
d!a-2-
  ? ,Parrots are physically capable of
recreating any sound they hear4
  y'/`hw"iz'c*`k("h%"ix"nz1hw"et"f>'mua
fy'd%"d!agu"r!1iz'?'-
  c4 abroad adv4 d%"k317";hw"k317"
  ? ,Tina brought a lot of instant
noodles with her when she went to study
abroad4
  d*"n>"b/'k31cs1e81i:1dw"c!aru`d3'p%"
mt"k3"j|"-
  d4 broaden/ expand one's horizons f3"
av`m(`gu1d!ai:"+`
  horizons n4 t`k+"2{e:'e.`,a:'i:"r3"ky'
t"d!ao qv"$1/ k+"et"{rz16"q/"i/"o
  ? ,Talking with an intellectual like
,Mr4 ,Johnson can help expand your
horizons4
  |`e."j.1eu'et'iz'a!"."d!aa:'i:"qu"h:`
fv1r9"s`a/"|1hz'k_`n*`d!akt"=1-
  e4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33
  ? ,If you have the financial means to
do it1 overseas travel is a good way to
broaden one's horizons4
  ? ,For those who can swing/ manage it
financially1 international travel/
traveling abroad is a great way to
expand one's horizons4
  #b4 d*":"f*1l!`*"$133
  ,Gaining knowledge of the destination
one plans to visit can also strengthen
one's ability to think independently4
  qv'*"{"dt`
  a4 knowledge n4 a:'i:";gu"i:"
  b4 destination n4 m/"d*"d*"
  ? ,The newlyweds chose ,Morocco as
their honeymoon destination4
  n>"d$"e?'gu1e~`h!1m<1c3"k!'h3"$1d/"m*"
8"d!am/"d*"d*"-
  c4 strengthen vt4 hz'j.12k)'j.1
  ? ,You can try watching ,English ,,TV
programs to strengthen your listening
ability4
  n*`l!`*`i:"a!alv"y'|`dt"i:"k+1m/"cw1
hz'j.1fy'c*"-
  d4 think independently d/1c*"e:'l%`
  independently adv4 d/1c*"d!a
  ? ,The aim of this organization is to
help people with disabilities live
independently4
  a!"k!"k*'k("d!ah&'a:`i:"{"ox'a/"jv1k*1
gu1i:"d/1c*"iz'r31ox'a/"jv1k*1gu1i:"d/1
c*"iz'r31
  e4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33
  ? ,And doing research on the places
you plan to visit can also enhance your
independent thinking skills4
  ? ,Doing research on the destinations/
places you plan to visit can help
sharpen one's independent thinking
skills4
   ,B f*1h/`
  #a4 bx1i:1kt'dy'a!aa:"r$"ey1i(`k*'k*1
py1ov`dt"n%`dz`i/"$"y1m/"r$"h%"bz1i:"c*"
m<1r/1k*1t`ky'p*1c%1-
  #b4 j:`7"2bx1j*1p/"c/"hw"a!"e+'y1m/"
q>'b/'d!acv1k_'e)"rw1l!`nz1y`e.`gu1d!a
e:'$1nz1c*"k*1k)'e/"c%`r9"k3"bz1-
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 d*"*'f*1l!`*"$133
  ,Staring for long periods of time at
digital screens1 like those on
smartphones and tablets1 can lead to
blurred vision and eye fatigue4
  qv'*"{"dt`
  a4 stare at''' dy'a!a"""lv"2ny1i:"
a!a"""
  ? ,My dog stared at me in confusion
when ,I made the strange sound4
  3`q>'b/'k7"iz'i:123`d!ak(`l="r3"d*"dy'
a!a3`lv"-
  b4 lead to''' h%"bz1/ d%`a:""""
  c0"e:"6"q>` result in'''1 bring
about'''1 contribute to'''4
  ? ,The heavy rain has led to serious
flooding in many areas4
  a!"bx`d>"|`*`h%"bz1e|`d3'd*"j|'q>'iz'
t1a&"i$`hw'-
  c4 blur vt4 i:`i:"et"m<1r/1/ lv"o/"jy'
b/`{ou`k|"$1k3"j|"qu'j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o
  ? ,Tears blurred ,Victor's eyes as he
watched the sad movie4
  $1l!"d3'hw"lv"n>"o/"o0'ix'd!adt"y`i:12
c0"i$`m<1r/1c!af>'d!ai:"et"-
  d4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33
  ? ,Staring for long periods of time at
the screen of your smartphone1 tablet
computer or other digital device can
lead to blurry vision and eye fatigue4
  ? ,Staring for long periods of time at
the screen of a cellphone1 tablet
computer or other digital device can
lead to blurry vision and eye fatigue4
  #b4 d*":"f*1l!`*"$133
  ,In addition1 prolonged exposure to
the blue light these screens emit may im
pact people's mental faculties and
accelerate the aging process4
  qv'*"{"dt`
  a4 ,In addition1 ,S+ ,V j:`7"/ hw"
a!`"""
  c0"e:"6"q>` additionally1 besides1
furthermore1 moreover1 what's more4
  ? ,I love ,Mark for his kindness4 ,In
addition1 he is very handsome4
  3`w"m>`l!"i:"?'$"f>'gu1ru`r%`- j:`7"2
f>'rw1ax`d!aru`i7"-
  b4 prolonged a4 bx1j*1d!a2b:1e|"ru`ks`
d!a
  ? ,Prolonged exposure to stress can
affect the body in many ways4
  bx1j*1bz1i(")'c*"l!`nz1r$"d$"iu'f*`h%"
bz1e|`d3'qx'mt"d!ay`e.`-
  c4 emit vt4 q>'b/'/ ev"q>'{k_',g!",
j*",iz'?'dz`o
  ? ,That iron emits steam when you
press your clothes4
  n>"l}`4"d(`hw"n*`fx"*'q/1d!ai:1r("r$"
q>'b/'az'j*"-
  d4 impact vt4 y`e.`
  e4 mental faculties e:'$1nz1c*"
  faculty n4 k}'nz1;ft'q/"{*'ov'6"q/"
i/"o
  f4 accelerate vt4 k)'e/"
  ? ,The farmers used chemicals to
accelerate the growth of their crops4
  n>"e+'n&1q/'i:`6"r9"e81{"/"cw1k)'e/"
f>'muad!an&1h3"/"iz'ax`-
  g4 aging process c%`r9"k3"bz1
  aging n4 c%`r9"2ot"c%`
  ? ,The aging process comes slowly but
surely4
  c%`r9"d!ak3"bz1e$'r}`mv"j8"i:"o*"gv1
d!a-
  h4 k_`o<"c%`i:'d!ai:"qv"*"k|"33
  ? ,In addition1 extensive exposure to
the blue light emitted from these
screens can negatively affect your brain
and accelerate the aging process of your
body4
  ? ,In addition1 long-term exposure to
the blue light emitted by these screens
may even affect one's mental acuity and
accelerate the aging process4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 g/1k3` ,Bernice hw".1k_'e)"dw'fw"
ks`2f>'ks"ru`g&1*"iw"ix'-
  #b4 8"d/1o%"a:`_`_`s`a/"|1f3"av`n*`d!a
i:"+`-
  #c4 n>"e."{"p?`d!aix"i:"y'kw'nz1kt`i%`
kw'k*1oy"d!ae:`_1gu1i/"-
  #d4 ,Anna i:"k!"r%`fw"fw"rv"r%`m>'m>'-
j:`7"2f>'rw1i:"k!"bz1k&'d!aix'gu1-

  jv'l%`*"k|"
  #a4 ,If ,Bernice stays out in the sun
for too long1 she tends to get burnt4
  #b4 ,Reading a newspaper can often
help broaden your horizons4
  #c4 ,The release of the medicine
should lead to fewer deaths from the
disease4
  #d4 ,Anna is a good wife and mother4
,In addition1 she is a successful
businesswoman4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#c e?'=1k*1k?`

  ,New ,Venice ,Barriers ,Prevent
,Flooding
  $'n*1e:'j*`6";-m<1e*'k*"r9"-2 bz1k&'
h/`dx`rw`b%1

  ,New barriers installed in ,Venice in
#bjbj have proven capable of keeping
high tide waters from flooding the city4
,The floodgate system1 ,,MOSE 7,Modulo
,Sperimentale ,Elettromeccanico1 or
,Experimental ,Electromechanical
,Module71 was activated for the first
time in ,July of #bjbj after years of
delays and setbacks4 ,The system is made
up of #gh barriers which can be raised
to cut off the ,Venetian lagoon from the
sea4 ,In ,October1 the ,,MOSE dams were
used twice when the high tide rose to
#abj cm and then #adj cm4 ,On both
occasions1 the barriers saved the city
from flooding that would have typically
left half of the city underwater4
,Testing on the system is still ongoing1
and the project is not expected to be
fully complete until the end of this
year4
          33333333333333333333

  $'n*1e:'hw" #bjbj nt1e?'i!"a:"d!ai$`
a>1*`az"my1nz1k("qx1a:`mv`b%1rw`i$`t'm<"
kw'i:"- c*"ky'k3"i/"nt1d!at1j*1|`h/`w"
r("2j:`qx1r&1a>1e*"f&`;-m<1e*'-2 {i:1t"
ey"dt"k*'m<1h/`o |1 #bjbj nt1j*'8"i(`d/"
j*`6"- a!"k!"e*"f&`s1j*'i:1o>'d%"a>1mu1
h/`bz12nz1o0"iz'j*`*`k.'$'n*1e:'e*"r/1|`
rw`.1h/`k!1lw'- m<1e*'f*1o>"hw"i:18"mv`
b%1ax`a:"*'ow`:"i:1k&'qu'k*1*'ow`e:"i:1
k&'qu'i:1j*`d&"c!ac.`j:"- hw"a!"c.`j:"
ax`b%1a&'2a!"e+'a>1mu1d('az`ks"c!a$'n*1
e:'i:"mt`i("r&1r}"2f&'bx1a!"e+'r&1i$`d('
r$"t'm<"ov"h3"bz1i:"- j:`e*"f&`d!aj!"i:"
gz1hw"k?"ey1a&'2:1kw'k*"r9"|"k*"k?'nt1
nt1d*`jw1r$"}1k&'-
          33333333333333333333

  {o high tide mv`b%12k%'b%1
  {o floodgate n4 qx1r&1a>1
  {o electromechanical a4 dt"d&"k*'e+"
d!a
  {o module n4 {k*'j*",kt"a/1/"dz`d!ao
h/`kt"/ m<1kt"/ m<1l7"
  {o lagoon n4 e*"r/1
  {o underwater a4 hw"i$`a&'/ e)"d!a
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 prove 7to be7 ,N/ ,Adj4 az"my1
{i:"o"""
  ? ,Frequent job rotation has proven
7to be7 beneficial to both the employer
and the employees4
  ky'k3"az"my12p?1qv1d!ak&'h3"c=1d{"d$"
k/"a/`|`a:1~1d('s`r%`b/"-
  #b4 be capable of ,N/ ,V-ing nz1k("
{h3"o"""
  ? ,David is capable of dozing off in
class with his eyes open4
  d>"$"s`ov"q>`hw"ix"l!"i:1az'a!at`ky'
d>`l!'i$"-
  #c4 be made up of''' s1"""h/`bz1
  .k be composed of'''
  .k consist of'''
  ? ,Water is made up of hydrogen and
oxygen4
  i$`s1jy'rv".`h/`bz1-
  ,,UK ,Burger ,King ,Urges ,Customers
to ,Eat ,Mc,Donald's
  ,In ,November #bjbj1 ,Burger ,King
,,UK got on their ,Twitter account and
encouraged customers to order from other
fast-food chains1 including
,Mc,Donald 's1 ,,KFC1 ,Subway1 and other
8food outlets40 ,The statement was sent
out as a means of support for the entire
,,UK restaurant industry4 ,The message
told customers that 8restaurants
employing thousands of staff really need
your support at the moment40
  ,The surprising tweet came shortly
before the ,,UK lockdown went into
effect1 which meant that restaurants
would only be able to offer takeaway or
delivery4 ,While maintaining that their
,Whopper was clearly the best choice1
,Burger ,King acknowledged that
8ordering a ,Big ,Mac is not such a bad
thing40
          33333333333333333333

  k81o/"i:"!"h3"k|"l y'k31rv"o%`_1k/`c*"
l!"gu1b:'mw"dx'c%1
  #bjbj nt1i:1*'8"2y'k31rv"o%`_1hw"j*1
f$'f!"ax"r/"ix"k/`c*"k/"l!"e."j*1f>'e/"
i:1ct1e3`dt"{o%'k9'mw"dx'c%1,lu`d!1k*',
,Subway k*1j*1f>';-jv'?`dt"-2o dy"k("jv'
dt`- f>'muaq>'b/'a!"h!1iz'my1*`h3"$1a:'
b:1az`k!"y'k31jv'?`+"d!aqx'i:"- j:`e4"
e*1k%"e/"k/"l!"mua;-k/"6"i/"jt'my1~1k&'
d!ajv'fy'j:`i:1au'd!aru`e|'{"n*`muad!a
ox'a/"--2 a!"h!1b/'gu1*"c{"d!af$'=1hw"y'
k31i:1i:'qz'bz1jt1o/"ks`q>'b/'2a!"o{`i:"
k!"jv'fy'a:`nz1f*1k&'7"dw"r3"7"e&"q/1/"-
e$'gv1rv"o%`_1kt'bz'f>'muad!ar91o%`r%1/1
*1="i:"h$"ox"d!ae~`h!12dv"f>'mua+`bz1gu"
d%"33;-dt`k!"d>"mw"l!"+`o/"i:"i!1m!ar7"
i:"--2
          33333333333333333333

  {o lockdown n4 qz'bz1;qz'e3`
  {o takeaway n4 {jv'k}`r3"ix'dt"d!ao 7"
mw"i:1p?`
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 urge sb to ,V d='j/"/ j.1c+"{'js1
m(`gu1{h3"o"""
  ? ,Tom's mother urges him to study
every day4
  fx'm/`d!am/`j?'d='j/"f>'m0`ft'd('{"nt"
i/'-
  #b4 as a means of''' h3"$1"""d!aqx'
q>`/ i(`d}"
  ? ,Just as we speak to communicate1
birds sing as a means of conversing4
  az"g/13`mua6"i3'r9"cw1k('f&'2n{`c0"f("
k3"my1bx"h3"$1k{'fv1d!a*'a&`qx'i:"-
  #c4 go into effect lw'i:`i:1i:'/ iz'
e{"
  ? ,The new policy will go into effect
next month4
  a!"k!"e?'az"j!"k.'|1e)"k!"8"lw'i:`i:1
ey1-
  #d4 maintain+ that h:`k|" kt'bz'"""
{ that h:`k|"6"*'ov'i:1fw"o2kt'k81a/`
ax'""" { that h:`k|"6"a/"d&"j:1 should1
l!`iz`c8"o
  ? ,The tenants maintained that ,Ted
was a kind and warm-hearted landlord4
  qx1l!"muakt'bz'fw"d!1i:"$"gu1r%`s"g!"
e?'d!aqx1d&'-
  ? ,Though the murderer begged for
mercy1 the court maintained that he
7should7 be executed4
  e$'gv1kw'i>'gu1qv"l/`l/`js1g%12dv"q>`
fy1kt'b:1f>'y'o0"b/`*`e:`ey1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 barrier n4 py1ax"
  ? ,The armed guards formed a barrier
between the leader and the crowd4
  /`a_'ky`$"hw"kw'cy`d%`gu1|`gu1j41a:'
kt'ey1bz1*'d%"py1ax"-
  #b4 flooding n4 t'i$`2r&1i$`qv"cv"
  flood vt4 t'm<" & n4 r&1i$`2i$`hw'
  ? ,The excessive rain over the past
two weeks has caused massive flooding in
the valley4
  k3"j|"c.`k!"ey'j*1cw1d!ar%1|`h%"bz1iv'
k/`d>"k$'m<1d!ar&1i$`qv"cv"-
  ? ,The storm left the whole area
flooded4
  o%"qz'|`i:`az`k!"d*"j|'d('t'i$`c!a-
  #c4 install vt4 a_'i!"2v'a_'
  ? ,We just got an air conditioner
installed in the dining room4
  3`muad!aqv"fy'kx'a_'c!a*'fw1cz`j*"-
  #d4 experimental a4 i:1t"ey"d!a
  ? ,The project is still in its
experimental stages and won't be put in
practice until next year4
  kw'k*"r9"gz1b/`|1i:1t"k+'d}"2a:1d%"my1
nt1jw1r$"i:1i:'-
  #e4 activate vt4 j*`d&"/ 6";i:`r31d&"
  ? ,You have to activate your card
before you use it for the first time4
  n*`d*"*'j:"i:`6"n*`d!al>`pt"a:'jt1{"
et'lw'l>`-
  #f4 setback n4 h/`w"2j3"a!1
  ? ,John underwent a lot of setbacks
before becoming what he is today4
  8'rv"ky'c*"c!ae|`d3'j3"ow"jw1d!1*`bz1
$1k?'g:"d!af>'-
  #g4 occasion n4 {m(`i:"q>'iz'd!ao i:1
r("/ i:1l!"
  ? ,Do you remember that occasion when
we ran into ,Lindsay in the hospital8
  n*`rw1k*"d!a3`muahw"*'~"c*`|"kt"c?1e*'
n>"j:"m>ao
  #h4 typically adv4 f&'bx12*'ov'
  ? ,Don't be late for history class4
,Mr4 ,Simons typically starts on time4
  c*"i:`l!"o+1b:1d%"c!a- ew"mz1e:'c%`i:'
f&'bx1d('ru`a=`i:1ix"l!"-
  #i4 ongoing a4 k?"ey1a&'d!a
  ? ,There is an ongoing crisis because
that infectious disease is still
spreading4
  n>"k!"b}1gv`oy"gz1hw"mv"t1a&'2?'j:`$1
k*'*'a:1j=1hw"-
  #aj4 outlet n4 ix'dt"/ e{'i("k&'e:'
{az"i:"6"q>`o
  ? ,The company has nearly #cj retail
outlets in ,Taiwan alone4
  a!"k)'k&'e:'k_'i:"hw"fw1}'ks"s`k?"ev'
i:1k)'cy1i("dt"-
  #aa4 employ vt4 k/"6"
  ? ,Roger illegally employed foreign
laborers to work on his farm4
  c31k+1q0'q>`k/"6"7"c%1hw"f>'d!an&1bx`
h3"i:"-
  #ab4 acknowledge vt4 bz1gu"{m(`i:"i/`
i:1r3"m(`jy1l_"j=1hw"o
  ? ,Under the pressure of public
opinion1 ,George finally acknowledged
his paternity of the child4
  hw"|1c="d!a)'c*"e)"2j{1a:"a&'|1bz1gu"
f>'i:"n>"k!"rw1h:ad!aq/"j?'-
  paternity n4 q/"j?'iu'qu"
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  cut off'''/ cut''' off h/`d}"/ k!1
k81"""
  ? ,That school was closed after the
typhoon as access to it had been cut off
by the landslide4
  n>"kt'e81e{"hw"fw1qz'k3"r("k}'o*"2?'$"
f&'_`kw'e{"d!ac/"o0"iv'oz'h/`d}"c!a-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" cut off d!aj*1f>'*"e:'k*1
6"q>`33
  a4 o{`;-j+'d{"/ j+'b/1"""-2-
  ? ,In desperation1 the mountain
climber was forced to cut off his own
arm4
  k81_"a:'e)"2n>"my1dz'iv'l!"o0"p<"k+1
d}"h:"k*`d!ai(`o0"-
  b4 o{`;-j+'d}""""{i$`,dt",m01j*"dz`o
d!ak&'y"-2-
  ? ,Because of the storm1 the
electricity was cut off for several
hours4
  s1|1o%"qz'|`2dt"c*"o0"a&'d}"c!ai/"e{`
i:1-
  c4 o{`;-d}"k81/ a&'a:`"""{|`m(`gu1d!a
k}'e*"/ ct1e*"o-2-
  ? ,Simon cut off all contact with his
brother after the big fight4
  ew"mu1h:"j&1n>"j:"|`k!'k!'d>"b%`*'k)"
r("ks"|`f>'d}"k81c!act1e*"-
  d4 o{`;-d>`d}""""{m(`gu1d!ar9"o-2-
  ? ,A journalist cut off the mayor as
she was trying to express her political
views4
  *'my1e?'=1k*"a!`hw"i:"ax`i:"f/1q>'o{`
az"kt"i:1d>`d}"c!af>'-
  ? ,My speech was cut off by ,Jimmy's
laughter4
  3`d!at`i3'o0"k*1m*`d!ae{"iz'd>`d}"c!a-
  e4 be/ get cut off {dt"r9"o d}"et"
  ? ,I was speaking with ,Mr4 ,Wu1 and
the call was cut off4
  3`hw"ku'/1et'iz'k.`dt"r9"i:12dt"r9"d}"
et"c!a-
  ? ,We suddenly got cut off in the
middle of our telephone conversation4
  3`muadt"r9"k.`d%"*'ov"ks"f/1gv1d}"et"
c!a-
  f4 cut sb off from sth a&'d}"/ fy1a:`
d$"m(`gu1k&'y"m(`/"
  ? ,Those businesses started to turn to
banks after they were cut off from
foreign funds4
  n>"e+'j*"+"i:'j|"rw`7"h:'k?'r("2ot"lw'
i:`a}`e."?1rx1js1a/"-
          33333333333333333333

  ,Three ,Common ,Thermometers ev'a&`bx1
kt"d!a='d/"k*"
  ,Liquid-,In-,Glass o<'c*1+"f*`='d/"k*"
  &y ,This type of thermometer is a
glass tube with a bulb on one end1
filled with alcohol or mercury and a
little gas4
  a!"a&`='d/"k*"$1*'d}'s`kv`='p%"d!ao<'
c*1k}`2c*`mt"b&'mv`ks`ky'r3"i$`?1k*1e+'
e|`j*"f*`-
  &y ,As the bulb is heated or cooled1
the level of liquid in the tube will
rise or drop4
  dx'kv`='p%"i("g!"r3"k."='i:12k}`a&'d!a
+"f*`k%'d/"r$"ix"iz'r3"e)"k."-

  7#hhbdbgjf7

  ,Digital i/"h:"i:"='d/"k*"
  &y ,A digital thermometer uses a
thermistor that can read fluctuations in
temperature and a digital screen to
display the reading4
  i/"h:"i:"='d/"k*"i:`6"l!`*`d/1j|`='d/"
o<'d&"d!ag!"m?`dt"h/`{ot'v"33*'a&`b}1kv`
j*"dt"h/`2dt"h/`a:1e$1a!a='d/"d!aot"r9"
:1kw`ot"2j+`f*`k*'e$1='d/"d!aot"r9"k{"*'
ov'd!ak/"dy"dt"h/`{"d>"ru`d3'o2*`k*1et`
i:"d/1i/"d!ai/"$"y1m/"-

  7#eigcfccje7
  ,Infrared r&17"et"='d/"k*"
  &y ,An infrared thermometer detects
thermal radiation from objects emitting
heat and translates it into a
temperature reading4
  r&17"et"='d/"k*"r$"au'j!"q>'g!"/"f*`
d!ag!"q/1i!"2oy"k.'j*1a}`r}"bz1='d/"d/1
i/"-

  7#agddbibiii7
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#d l!'p/`~1d*"
  ,How ,Do ,Different ,Thermometers
,Measure ,Up8
  ='d/"k*"a:'d3'i%`o

  by ,Bruce ,E4 ,Bagnell
  ,If you've entered a bank1 post
office1 or airport in the past year1 you
've probably had your temperature taken4
,It probably wasn't with the traditional
glass1 liquid-filled thermometer many
older folks are familiar with4 ,Instead1
these days1 one's temperature can be
taken by relatively new devices that are
accurate1 easy to use1 and non-invasive4
,What are these temperature-taking
devices and how do they operate8
  ,One such device is known as an
infrared thermometer4 ,It may be held
close to1 but won't touch1 a person's
forehead4 ,The infrared thermometer
provides a digital readout of the
person's temperature4 ,It contains a
lens that focuses heat energy onto a
detector called a thermopile4 ,This heat
is turned into electricity1 which is
then transmitted to another detector for
measurement4 ,The more electricity
emitted by a target1 the hotter the
person or object is4 ,Basically1
infrared thermometers are heat
detectors1 recording a person's 8heat
signature40
  ,An infrared sensor may also be used4
,This is a much larger device that can
measure temperature from a distance of
several meters4 ,A person's image can be
seen on a screen that is similar to a
television set4 ,This infrared machine
not only measures a person's temperature
but also displays it4 ,The highest
temperatures detected appear as bright
red1 while lower temperatures usually
show up as orange or yellow4 ,These
machines can handle several people at a
time1 which is ideal for large buildings
and major transportation hubs1 like
airports and subway stations4
  ,Both the infrared thermometer and the
infrared sensor are non-invasive1
detecting and measuring infrared light
frequency--the temperature of any object
they focus on4 ,These devices are
helping medical professionals identify
and then treat people showing signs of a
fever4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 ,Which of the following statements
is true about infrared thermometers and
infrared sensors8
  7,A7 ,Infrared sensors are less
expensive than infrared thermometers4
  7,B7 ,Infrared sensors are hand-held1
while infrared thermometers are not4
  7,C7 ,Neither infrared thermometers
nor infrared sensors have to come into
contact with people's skin4
  7,D7 ,Both infrared thermometers and
infrared sensors use colors to display a
person's temperature4
  #b4 ,Which of the following can be
inferred from the passage8
  7,A7 ,Most doctors use infrared
sensors in their private offices4
  7,B7 ,Infrared thermometers are much
smaller than infrared sensors4
  7,C7 ,The medical community prefers
infrared thermometers to infrared
sensors4
  7,D7 ,Infrared sensors were invented
long before glass1 liquid-filled bulb
thermometers4
  #c4 ,According to the passage1 what
kind of thermometer is used in the
picture below8

  7,A7 ,A thermopile4
  7,B7 ,An infrared sensor4
  7,C7 ,An infrared thermometer4
  7,D7 ,A traditional glass thermometer4
          33333333333333333333

  {o thermometer n4 ='d/"k*"
  {o folk n4 gu1mua7l!`i:`6" folk r3"
folks1 k4'h3"q/"i/"2dz`|1 people7
  {o infrared a4 r&17"et"d!a
  {o forehead n4 !1f(1
  {o readout n4 {h:'e4"f("k3"dt"h:`i!"
o0"o d/1b/'/ i/'b/'
  {o detector n4 kt`j!"j*"
  {o thermopile n4 g!"dt"d$'
  {o sensor n4 kv`j!"j*"
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 take one's temperature c.1m(`gu1
d!af*`='
  ? ,The nurse took my temperature on an
hourly basis4
  r/"i:"m0`e{`i:1ox'3`c.1*'j:"f*`='-
  #b4 be familiar with''' d$""""i/1e*'
  ? ,All the employees should be
familiar with the company rules4
  e3`s`~1k&'d('y'i/1a:'k&'e:'k$'h!1-
  #c4 ,The+ o*`k{"k*1ey1g&1j:1/ q/"
j:1"""2 the+ o*`k{"k*1ey1g&1j:1/ q/"
j:1"""|""""2ks"|""""
  `# g3"k|"a&'/1ey1g&1j:1r3"q/"j:1i:12
h!1hw"k|"i(`*'k|"*"k)'ix" the more r3"
the less k*1l!`-
  ? ,The more experience you have1 the
easier it is to find a job4
  n*`s`|"d3'ky't"ks"|"g&1*"a%`d%"k&'h3"-
  `# g3"k|"a&'a:'a/`j:1$1*'ov'my1j:12:1
q0'dw"my1j:1r3"a}'s`my1j:12j+`j*1r("d&"
j:1$1 be d&"j:1i:12h!1j:` be d&"j:1l!`|`
*`iz`c8"-
  ? ,The more popular the place 7is71
the more crowded it will be4
  |"i("r}'y1d!ad*"qx'2gu1b%1ks"|"6`k*`-
  #d4 show up et`c/"2et`et"b/'cw1
  ? ,If any color shows up on this strip
of paper1 then the water is polluted4
  g/1k3`a!"f{1a:`et`et"b/'gu"r!1t1e!"2
ks"dw"o{`i$`o0"/'gv`c!a-
  #e4 be ideal for''' d$""""k*1$1i:"r!1
  ? ,The luxury suite is ideal for a
family of five4
  a!"kt'r%1r91f%"qx1q0'bx1i:"r!1*'k)'/`
l(`k|'a/"-
  #f4 show signs of''' et`i:"b/'"""d!a
k*'e."
  ? ,Fran is showing signs of the flu1
so she's going to the doctor's office4
  q>`cv1b/'et"cs1kv`az"a_"2e3`*`f>'{"j|"
lv"*'iz'-
  #g4 come into contact with''' k+'
b/""""
  ? ,During her trip to ,Africa1 ,Linda
came into contact with the deadly virus4
  c?1d>1hw"q0'a('c|`ey1i:1k+'b/"d%"a:"
my"oy"d/1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 relatively adv4 o*`k{"2e.'d$"d!a
  ? ,Compared to his previous job1
,Jim's new one is relatively easy4
  rv"ix"*'qu"k&'h3"o*`j*`cw12k*1m/`d!a
e?'k&'h3"k{"$1jy'e&'-
  #b4 accurate a4 ky'j8"d!a2a=`j8"d!a
  ? ,It seems that the weather forecast
is pretty accurate4
  kw'j*"e."|"o%"e:"r/'mv`a=`j8"d!a-
  #c4 invasive a4 j?'g/"/ j?'c8"ey"d!a
  ? ,Scientists said that invasive
species may pose a threat to ecosystems
in this area4
  l!'e81k)'i3'n>"a&`j?'c8"ey"/"a&`l!`nz1
r$"$"a!"k!"d*"j|'d!aiz'fw"e*"f&`dw"cw1$'
e+1-
  #d4 digital a4 i/"h:"et`i:"d!a;i/"$"
d!a
  ? ,The coach used a digital stopwatch
to time the runners4
  k{"ct"6"dt"h:`m>`o{`ox'p%`a!`k*"i:1-
  #e4 transmit vt4 b}1e&"{dt",k_',dt"h:`
e4"r%"dz`o
  ? ,The show is transmitted live by
satellite to over #bf countries around
the world4
  ou`k+1m/"f("k3"$"ey'b}1e&"2hw"j~1i:"
k+"b%'k3":"i:1cs"k!"k31k)'et"bx`o<"b/'-
  #f4 emit vt4 ev"q>'{k_',g!",j*"f*`dz`o
  ? ,The ozone layer can block some
harmful rays that the sun emits4
  b(".`jz1nz1k("h/`dx`fw".1e3`ev"q>'d!a
*'e+'s`rw"k_'et"-
  #g4 signature n4 o{'k*";jt'my1
  heat signature g!"e?"r%"2/"f*`qx"b/'
d!ar&17"et"g!"d/"
  ? ,Someone forged ,Mr4 ,Peterson's
signature on the check4
  m(`k!"gu1hw"a:'p{"ix"$"h%"c!ao*`d!1eu'
et'iz'd!ajt'my1-
  #h4 display vt4 av`et"2et`c/"
  ? ,The little boy displayed no emotion
when he fell down4
  n>"k!"e{`nv1rw1d+1d%`i:1o/"d&"iz'e!"-
  #i4 detect vt4 au'j!"
  ? ,This machine detects metal buried
underground4
  a!"fw1k*'j*"l!`*`au'j!"d%"mw1jx1|1d*"
d*`d!ak?'i/`-
  #aj4 hub n4 i/'ns`2a&'e?'
  ? ,Taipei ,Main ,Station is ,Taipei's
central transportation hub4
  fw1o0`b!'av"i:"fw1o0`d!aa&'.'k{'f&'i/'
ns`-
  #aa4 frequency n4 {k_',iz'o<'r3"/1et"
dt"o<'dz`d!ao p?1c|"
  ? ,Dolphins are known to communicate
via the high frequency sounds they
produce4
  k|"c{`k+`2rw`f=1r$"k+"s1q>'b/'k%'p?1
c|"d!aiz'?'cw1k('f&'-
  #ab4 professional n4 a}'+"gu1i:"{l!`
e3'e+`bz1 pro7 & a4 a}'+"d!a2a:1+"d!a
  amateur n4 +"|1w"r%"a!` & a4 +"|1d!a
  ? ,These machines should only be run
by professionals because of safety
concerns4
  s1|1v'j~1k/"c|"2a!"e+'k*'j*"y's1a}'+"
gu1i:"j%'h3"-
  ? ,Kathy is a professional tennis
player1 not an amateur4
  lw`e*'i:"a:1+"_`js1~12o/"i:"+"|1d!a-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  measure up q/1r!1/ d>1d%"m(`k!"o{'a=`;
r!1k!1
  ? ,My father never thought ,I'd
measure up as a businessman because ,I
was so shy and timid4
  3`o>"j&1o/"gu"$13`q/1r!1dx'ix'gu1d!a
o{'a=`2?'$"3`ru`rw"es'dv`j+"-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" measure up d!aj*1f>'6"
q>`33
  a4 measure up to''' q/1r!1"""{j*1_",
o{'a=`dz`o
  ? ,The trip didn't measure up to what
we had expected4
  a!"fx"c|`ey1oy"o/"q/1r!13`muad!aj*1_"-
  b4 measure up +`l!`*`k+'i("j:12h3"pt"
|`k*1/"d&"j:16"33
  measure sb/ sth up/ measure up sb/ sth
j!"c.1m(`gu1/ m(`/"d!ab:`j="
  ? ,Let me measure your feet up so ,I
can get your size4
  gx"3`c.1*'e)"n*`d!ak{`2a!"."ks"l!`*`
a:'d%"n*`d!ab:`j="-
          33333333333333333333

  *`e)"k+"i%" measure h3"d&"j:1d!a6"q>`
k*1t`iz'h:"33
  c4 h3"k*1/"d&"j:12o{`;-c.12j!"c.1;k*"
c."-2-
  ? ,Help me measure the length of this
table4
  ox'3`c.1*'e)"a!"ax'a3'h:ad!abx1d/"-
  measure out sth/ measure sth out c.1
b/'/ bz"b/'m(`/"
  ? ,Elaine measured out the amount of
flour she would use for her cake4
  *'ct1bz"b/'f>'6"cw1h3"dv"k%'d!amt"qu`
c."-
  d4 h3"k*1/"d&"j:12o{`;-rz1c.12k/'
c."-2-
  ? ,Regular tests are used to measure
the students' progress4
  dy"j*1l%`i:"i:"6"cw1rz1c.1e81iz'd!ak?"
o/"jy1l_"-
  e4 h3"o/"k*1/"d&"j:12o{`;-c.1j*`cw1
s`"""bx1/ l}'/ k%'-2-
  ? ,The track measures #cjj km in
length4
  a!"f{1e{`c/"c.1j*`cw1s`ev'ow`k&'c*`
bx1-
  f4 measurement n4 b:`j=";j!"c.1
  take one's measurements c.1m(`gu1d!a
b:`j="
  ? ,Rosa took my measurements and
showed me a dress in my size4
  c31i>'c.1c!a3`d!ab:`j="2gv1r("n>1b/'*'
kt"q/1r!13`b:`m>`d!a.1a_'k0`3`lv"-
          33333333333333333333

  g/1k3`k3"j|"a!"*'nt1n*`jz1j|"k3"?1rx1,
s1k|1r3"i:"k*'bx`2n*`d>"kw"d('s`o0"c.1
f*`='- c.1f*`='i:16"d!al!`nz1o/"i:"e|`
d3'c%`*'o0"d!agu1e3`i/1e*'d!ab}1f&`i:"+"
f*`ft1b&'o<'c*1='d/"k*"- a!"nt1f(12qv`:1
i:"6"e.'d$"k{"e?',ky'a=`,g&1*"i:`6"j+`
q0'j?'g/"ey"d!a*1j*"cw1c.1f*`='- a!"e+'
c.1f*`='d!a*1j*"i:"i!1m!a2:1f>'muas"i:"
g/1r!14"h3"d!an!ao
  j*1a&'*'k!"a!"."d!a*1j*"o0"bz'h3"r&17"
et"='d/"k*"- f>'l!`nz1r$"l%"k?",dv"o/"
r$"b/"pz"d%"i("j!"a!`d!a!1f(1- r&17"et"
='d/"k*"r$"f*1k&'m(`gu1f*`='d!ai/"h:"d/1
i/"- f>'rv1s`*'k!"f("ky"2kw'f("ky"nz1k.'
g!"nz1k|"k{'d%"*'k!"o0"bz'$1g!"dt"d$'d!a
kt`j!"j*"- a!"k/`g!"r$"o0"a}`$1dt"2k+'
a!ao0"b}1d%"cy"*'k!"kt`j!"j*"j!"c.1- m/"
o{'ev"q>'d!adt"|"d3'2kw'gu1r3"/"d!a='d/"
ks"|"k%'- k*'ou`ix"2r&17"et"='d/"k*"ks"
i:"g!"kt`j!"j*"2f>'k*"c/"c!a*'k!"gu1d!a
;-g!"e?"r%"-2-
  r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"+`l!`nz1o0"i:`6"- a!"
i:"*'a&`b:`j="d>"d!1d3'd!a*1j*"2l!`*`hw"
i/"k&'b:`7"d!ak|"c*1j!"c.1f*`='- gu1d!a
y`e."r$"et`i:"hw"*'k!"k?"e:"|1dt"i:"d!a
y1m/"ix"- a!"a&`r&17"et"k*'j*"o/"k?`nz1
j!"c.1*'k!"gu1d!af*`='2rw1nz1k.'='d/"et`
i:"b/'cw1- kw'k*'j*"kt`j!"d%"d!ah$"k%'='
d/"r$"bz1et"c."r&1e!"2k{"d*'d!a='d/"f&'
bx1r$"et`et"bz1bz1e!"r3"r_1e!"- a!"e+'
k*'j*"l!`*`f&1i:1j!"c.1i/"gu1d!af*`='2
d$"|1d>"ey1kt"a/1k*1e."i:"k*'bx`k*1d*"
f+`av"dz`a/`{"k{'f&'i/'ns`i:"q0'bx1r!1
i:"d!a-
  r&17"et"='d/"k*"k*1r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"
d('i:"q0'j?'g/"ey"d!a*1j*"2f>'muaau'j!"
k*1j!"c.1r&17"et"d!ap?1c|""1+`ks"i:"a!"
e+'*1j*"e3`k|"k{'d!agu"r!1/"f*`='d/"-
a!"e+'i!"o0"l!`ox'a/"*'c{1a}'+"gu1~1i:"
o+1gv1r("a:"c{1s`q>'i%'k*'e."d!agu1-
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 k}'|1r&17"et"='d/"k*"k*1r&17"et"
kv`j!"j*"2*`e)"e|"i/"r!1a!`$1au'o
  7,A7 r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"o*`r&17"et"='d/"
k*"pt1*1-
  7,B7 r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"i:"i(`b:1d!a2r&1
7"et"='d/"k*"h!1q(`-
  7,C7 r&17"et"='d/"k*"k*1r&17"et"kv`j!"
j*"d('o/"r$"k+'b/"gu1d!ap*1q/'-
  7,D7 r&17"et"='d/"k*"k*1r&17"et"kv`j!"
j*"d('6"t1e!"cw1bz1et"*'k!"gu1d!af*`='-
  #b4 3`mual!`*`j&1ou`=1f$'c="b/'e)"c+"
r!1a!`o
  7,A7 d>"o/"qu"d!a*'iz'hw"f>'muad!ae:'
gu1au`e3`i:`6"r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"-
  7,B7 r&17"et"='d/"k*"o*`r&17"et"kv`j!"
j*"e{`d!ad3'-
  7,C7 *'e81k+"pt'r%"r&17"et"='d/"k*"iz"
k3"r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"-
  7,D7 r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"d!aq>'my1i:1kt'
o*`o<'c*1+"f*`ft1b&'='d/"k*"{"h%`d!ad3'-
  #c4 ku'k|"ou`=12e)"f/1a&'i:`6"d!ai:"
r!1a&`='d/"k*"o
  7,A7 g!"dt"d$'-
  7,B7 r&17"et"kv`j!"j*"-
  7,C7 r&17"et"='d/"k*"-
  7,D7 b}1f&`o<'c*1='d/"k*"-

  f*1k+`33ku'k|"d*"ev'd}"2r&17"et"kv`j!"
j*"o%'rv1*'k!"r$"et`i:"m(`k!"gu1d!ay`
e.",k?"e:"|1dt"i:"d!ay1m/"2kw'k*'j*"kt`
j!"d%"d!ah$"k%'='d/"r$"bz1et"c."r&1e!"2
k{"d*'d!a='d/"f&'bx1r$"et`et"bz1bz1e!"
r3"r_1e!"2q/1r!1ou`f/12k/"e~` 7,B74

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,B #c4 ,B
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#e d}`pt'8"d/1
  ,Fun ,Facts ,About ,Pigeons1 the ,Most
,Misunderstood of ,All ,Creatures
  gu"c/"k%'i(`j*1i:1i:"f3't1;-k!'-2lo
  ;-*'j41"""-2 h!`m!ai3'o

  by ,Mark ,Darvill
  ,Upon seeing a flock of pigeons1 many
people want nothing more than to run a
mile in the other direction4 ,Pigeons
are commonly viewed as carriers and
spreaders of disease1 but that's
actually not true4 ,People may be
surprised to learn that these creatures
have a number of fascinating
characteristics that should not be
overlooked4
  ,First1 pigeons are highly skilled
navigators4 ,A pigeon can find its way
back to its nest after being transported
more than a thousand miles away from it6
,Because of this ability1 humans have
used pigeons to their advantage for
centuries4
  ,Another interesting yet not so
admirable quality of pigeons is that
they appear to be master
procrastinators4 ,Scientific studies
have shown that pigeons often delay the
completion of a tedious or troublesome
task when an immediately more convenient
alternative is available4 ,Maybe pigeons
could 8give humans a run for their
money0 when it comes to putting off
work6
  ,Next1 we come to the unpleasant topic
of pigeon droppings4 ,Urban dwellers are
used to seeing streets littered with
these droppings4 ,Although pigeon poo is
seen as a problem in modern times1
several centuries ago1 it was actually
considered a valuable commodity because
of its usefulness as a fertilizer4
  ,Finally1 it cannot be denied that
pigeons are highly intelligent
creatures4 ,In addition to their
navigation skills and excellent sense of
hearing1 they can distinguish between
the letters of the ,Roman alphabet and
differentiate between human faces in
photographs4
  ,So1 the next time you feel disgusted
upon encountering a pigeon1 remember
that besides carrying little disease
risk1 these birds are smart creatures
with many wonderful abilities4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 ,What is the main purpose of this
passage8
  7,A7 ,To explain in detail how pigeons
can find their way home4
  7,B7 ,To inform people about several
impressive pigeon characteristics4
  7,C7 ,To warn people about the types
of diseases that pigeons can spread4
  7,D7 ,To provide advice on how to
protect oneself against a flock of
pigeons4
  #b4 ,What does the author mean by
8give humans a run for their money0 in
the third paragraph8
  7,A7 ,Be used to make money by humans4
  7,B7 ,Be strong competitors against
humans4
  7,C7 ,Run much faster than their human
owners4
  7,D7 ,Do much more than humans could
imagine4
  #c4 ,Which of the following statements
is true about pigeon droppings8
  7,A7 ,They are widely used as a
fertilizer nowadays4
  7,B7 ,Pigeons use them to detect sound
vibrations4
  7,C7 ,They were an eyesore for ancient
people4
  7,D7 ,People often find them on city
streets4
  #d4 ,If the following sentence were to
be included in the passage1 in which
paragraph should it be placed8
  ,For example1 the use of so-called
homing pigeons is thought to have saved
thousands of lives during ,World ,War
,,II by delivering messages for troops4
  7,A7 ,Paragraph #b4
  7,B7 ,Paragraph #c4
  7,C7 ,Paragraph #d4
  7,D7 ,Paragraph #e4
          33333333333333333333

  {o carrier n4 {k*1oy"o dw"~1a!`
  {o navigator n4 cy`rx1~1
  {o droppings n4 {d&"/"d!ao qu"ot"{rz1
6"q/"i/"o
  {o dweller n4 k|'m?1
  {o fertilizer n4 q01c{"
  {o a homing pigeon e?"k!'
  homing a4 {d&"/"o s`r$1k)'nz1c*"d!a;
{dt"h:`i!"o0"o h:"d&"d%`e."d!a
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 run a mile k?"c."o*":1~`a:'2d3`d!a
~`~`d!a
  ? ,Mina would run a mile if someone
asked her to do a live speech4
  g/1k3`s`gu1{"m*`n>"k?"ey1et"bx`t`k.`2
f>'lu`dy"r$"d3`d!a~`~`d!a-
  #b4 use sth to one's advantage
  c*"6"m(`/"h3"$1h:"k*`d!as'i:"/ s`c*"
f{1kt"
  ? ,Nina used ,Paul's absence from the
meeting to her advantage4
  n*1n>"c*"6"o%`c31m01b/'e*1r$"*"a!"dt`
cw1dx"h3"h:"k*`d!as'i:"-
  #c4 give sb a run for one's money
  o/"gx"m(`gu1jy'*"j|`iz"
  ? ,Jane gave me a run for my money at
the chess match4
  hw"n>"bx`j*1ew"a&'2>"au'gx"3`l/`av"c!a
*'qv'-
  #d4 be littered with''' mv`d*"d('
i:""""
  ? ,That room is littered with broken
glass4
  n>`k!"qx1kt'mv`d*"d('i:"e$"o<'c*1-
  #e4 ,It cannot be denied+ that h:`k|"
  o/"l!`q(`gu""""
  ? ,It cannot be denied that ,Van ,Gogh
was a great artist4
  o/"l!`q(`gu"d!a2qv"k/`i:"$"$`d>"d!a*"
i/"k)'-
  #f4 in detail e.1e*"d!a
  ? ,Tell me everything in detail4
,Don't hold anything back at all4
  e.1e*"k%"e/"3`e3`s`i:"jy1- gu"r!1i:"
d('o+1?`mv1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 characteristic n4 f!"az'2f!"e!"
  ? ,Dry air is one of the
characteristics of desert climates4
  kv'h%"d!al&'j*"i:"i>'m<"j*"r("d!af!"
az'a:'*'-
  #b4 overlook vt4 r/'c8"2r/'i:"
  ? ,Margaret overlooked her health for
many years until it was too late4
  m>`k!1c*"f!"r/'i:"h:"k*`d!akt"lx'd3'
nt12h$"r("r("r$`+`cw1o/"k*1c!a-
  #c4 transport vt4 4"i/'24"e&"
  ? ,We'll drive to our new house1 but a
truck will transport all of our
furniture4
  3`muar$"lw'b!'d%"3`muad!ae?'qx1h:a2dv"
k)'k|"d('r$"s1l>`b!'4"e&"-
  #d4 admirable a4 a:1d!aj?'p0"/ hv".1
d!a
  ? ,Ben's most admirable quality is his
great ability to empathize with others4
  >"ov'h$"cy"gu1j?'p0"d!af!"a:1i:"f>'d$"
gu1ru`s`f&1c*`e?'-
  #e4 tedious a4 g&`bx1q>1$"d!a
  ? ,The lecture was so tedious that
many students couldn't help but doze
off4
  a!"fx1l!"g&`bx1q>1$"2ru`d3'e81iz'd('
gu`o/"a/"d>`l!'i$"-
  #f4 troublesome a4 k*1i(`d!a;g!`m>1qv1
d!a
  ? ,The new teacher is having a hard
time dealing with the troublesome
students4
  e?'c%`i:'d$"a!"j41w"g!`m>1qv1d!ae81iz'
kv`d%"j61|1y"q/"-
  #g4 alternative n4 e~`h!1
  ? ,Legal action will be our only
alternative if we don't receive the
payment by next ,Monday4
  g/1k3`3`muahw"e)"a('*'jt1rw1$"i('d%"
q/"l}`2jw`j|`q>`c|"ey1d&"k.'i:"3`muad!a
$1*'e~`h!1-
  #h4 urban a4 bz1i:"d!a2d/'i:"d!a
  ? ,Tommy prefers living in urban
areas4
  fx'm*`o*`k{"e*`r}'a/"hw"i:"j|'-
  #i4 commodity n4 ix'p?`
  ? ,The commodities and services
provided by that company have become
more diversified4
  n>"kt'k&'e:'f*1k&'d!aix'p?`k*1q/1/"*`
ot"d!akz"d3'~1r9"c!a-
  #aj4 intelligent a4 s`a:"r$"/ c*"d!a;
j&'y`d!a
  ? ,Some people believe that there are
intelligent beings similar to humans in
outer space4
  s`e+'gu1e.'e?"2hw"7"fw"l&'s`rv"gu1c0"
e.'e:"d!aa:"r$"iz'/"-
  #aa4 navigation n4 rx1ey1;d%`rx1
  ? ,In the #aeth century1 the
,Portuguese were noted for their
navigation skills4
  i:1/`i:"k*"i:12p/1f%1)1gu1*`j*1rx1ey1
k*"i/"=1my1-
  #ab4 distinguish vi4 & vt4 j|'qu'
  distinguish between ,A and ,B j|'qu'
,A |` ,B
  .k distinguish ,A from ,B
  ? ,At what age are children able to
distinguish between right and wrong8
  :1f&1{"d%"k*`e$"jw1nz1my1ot"i:"q0'o
  #ac4 differentiate vi4 & vt4 j|'qu'
  ? ,All of the teachers have a hard
time differentiating between ,Carla and
,Marla because they are identical
twins4
  e3`s`c%`i:'d('nv1*`qu'ot"l>`c>'rv"m>`
c>'2?'$"f>'muai:"f&1c}`i_'o%'fw'-
  #ad4 disgusted a4 t"/"/ qv`kv`d!a;kv`
d%"!`e?'d!a
  ? ,We were all disgusted by the bad
smell coming from the chemical factory4
  j&1n>"kt'r9"e81k&'bx`b}1b/'cw1d!a!"b("
cy"3`muah3"(`-
          33333333333333333333

  *`e)"k+"i%"ou`=1b/'et"|`;-f3't1;t1
r("-2 e.'k}'d!adv'h:"k*1pt"|`33
  a4 procrastinator n4 f3't1a!`
  ? ,As every procrastinator knows1 the
hardest step to take is the first one4
  m0`k!"f3't1a!`d('a:'d%"2mw"b/'d*"*'o/"
i:"h$"nv1d!a-
  b4 delay vt4 f3't12f$'b:1;dv'/"
  ? ,You shouldn't delay doing your
project4
  n*`o/"kw'f3't1n*`d!ak*"r9"-
  ? ,Today we're packed1 so ,I'm sorry
if your order is delayed4
  3`muak?'ft'd!ak/"l!"ru`d3'2e3`*`g/1k3`
n?1d!adt`dv't1/"c!a2ru`o%"jt"-
  c4 put off'''/ put''' off k.'"""t1r("
  ? ,The meeting was put off because the
manager fell ill4
  r$"*"?'$"ky'c*`iz'oy":1t1r("-
          333333333333333333

  j*1f>'o{`;-f3't1;t1r("-2 d!abx1kt"dv'
h:"k*16"q>`k+"i%"g/1e)"33
  d4 procrastinate vi4 f3't1
  ? ,You should start doing your report
right now4 ,Don't procrastinate until
the last minute4
  n*`y'kw'et"hw"ks"lw'i:`h3"o%"k%"- o/"
{"f3'd%"h$"r("*'l!"-
  e4 postpone vt4 i:`t1j*12t1r}`
  ? ,Because of the heavy rain1 the game
will be postponed until next ,Mon day4
  a!"bx`o*`ew"?'d>"|`:1t1d%"e)"ey'j*1*'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Grammar ,Tips
  ,Upon seeing a flock of pigeons1 many
people want nothing more than to run a
mile in the other direction4
  ;-*'j41"""-2 h!`m!ai3'o
  hw"a&'=1c*`23`muao>`j41f*`c0"d!ad&"/"
f&'bz'$1;-*'j41-22dv"hw"y'=16"h:"a&'2o/"
f&1a&`c0"d!ad&"/"j41f*`r$"i:`6"o/"f&1d!a
c."j:12*`e)"$1bx1kt"d!ah/`r!133
  ey1g&1n{`j?1c0"r3".1d!aj41f*`,gu1j41
r3"j41a&"i:126" flock {g/1ou`=16"q>`o33
  {o a flock of pigeons/ birds/
chickens/ goats/ sheep *'j41k!'h:a/ n{`/
k*'/ iv'.1/ mt1.1 7sheep dv'q/"i/"f&1
ey17
  {o a flock of customers/ tourists *'
j41k/"l!"/ s1l!"
  ? ,This morning1 a flock of birds sat
at the bus stop as if they were waiting
for a ride4
  k?'h%`*'j41n{`fy1hw"k&'b!'av"2qx`q/1
hw"dz`a!aix"k&'b!'-
  {o ey1g&1!1 7goose1 q/"i/"ey1$1 geese7
j41i:12rw1l!`*`6" gaggle4
  {o ey1g&1/')' 7crow7 j41i:12rw1l!`*`6"
murder4
  {o ey1g&1m>`,ns1,e.",c/"dz`j41k|'d&"/"
d!a*'j41i:12l!`6" herd3
  a herd of horses/ cattle/ elephants/
deer
  *'j41m>`/ ns1 7cattle rz1$1q/"i/"2a:`
e:".`d!ans1j417/ e."/ c/" 7deer dv'q/"
i/"f&1ey17
  {o ey1g&1*'j41cx1,k(`dz`j~`l!'d&"/"26"
pack3
  a pack of wolves/ dogs *'j41cx1/ k(`
  {o ey1g&1i:'j41i:126" pride3
  a pride of lions *'j41i:'h:a
  {o ey1g&1m>`*`,m*"qz'dz`s`h/`a:'d!aj41
f*`i:126" colony3
  a colony of ants/ termites/ bees
  *'3'{j41o m>`*`/ ow1*`/ m*"qz'
  {o ey1g&1hw"q0'ey1a&'d!a*'d>"j41l='b&1
i:126" swarm3
  a swarm of bees/ wasps/ locusts
  *'j41{hw"q0'd!ao m*"qz'/ r_1qz'/ r_1
b&1
  {o ey1g&1|1j41r3"rw`iz'd&"/"j41i:126"
school3
  a school of fish/ whales/ dolphins
  *'j41|1 7fish dv'q/"i/"f&1ey17/ ky'|1/
rw`f=1
  {o ey1g&1rw`.1o/`g/`d&"/"j41i:12*"l!`
6" pod3
  a pod of whales/ dolphins/ seals
  *'j41ky'|1/ rw`f=1/ rw`o%"
  ? ,A pod of dolphins just passed by
our ship4
  *'j41rw`f=1kx'kx's1ky'3`muad!ab}1-

----------------------------------------
  ky'e~`i:"f*1
  ,A ---- of locusts ate all the crops
in the area4
  7,A7 herd   7,B7 swarm
  7,C7 school 7,D7 pride
   d>1v"33 ,B
          333333333333333333

  gu"c/"k%'i(`j*1i:1i:"f3't1;-k!'-2lo
  *'kt"d%"*'j41k!'h:a2e|`d3'gu1l!`nz1a:`
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  #c/#f k{'dt`r9"f*1
  ,Famous ,Fashion ,Designer ,Passes
,Away
  i:1ix"d>"i:'p*1:`-l>`dz'k3"i:"2e.`j*1
i("ks`i:1o>'e$"

  ,On ,December #bi1 #bjbj1 ,French
fashion designer ,Pierre ,Cardin passed
away at the age of #ih4 ,Cardin has
been credited with playing a significant
role in the way fashion is sold and
marketed today4 ,He used exclusive
fashion shows to make his clothing seem
elusive to the average person and thus
more desirable4 ,As for the clothing1
his philosophy was that he designed for
the future1 not the present4 ,He was
also one of the first fashion designers
to put his name on products1 including
clothes1 accessories1 home goods1 and
even stationery supplies4 ,Cardin
unveiled his first collection in #aiec
and he saw his greatest fame and success
in the #aifjs and #aigjs4 ,Though the
popularity of the brand declined in
recent decades1 his com pany is valued
as a multimillion dollar enterprise4
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  h:"j:1d>"o/`f+`
    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 pass away k3"i:"2i:"i:"
  #b4 ,A be credited with ,B ,A i:" ,B
q>'iz'd!a~1?'; ,B {"k$'k&'k0` ,A
  #c4 exclusive a4 d/1s`d!a2d/1e.`d!a
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  #e4 desirable a4 cy"gu1e."_`d!a2a:1d!a
6`s`d!a
  #f4 philosophy n4 {iz'r31,k&'h3"dz`o
c*`nt"
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q/"i/"o
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o/"l!`i/`o
  #i4 unveil vt4 i(`j:"av`i:"{bv`p?`,k*"
r9"dz`o
  #aj4 decline vi4 kt`i%`2k."d*'
  #aa4 enterprise n4 j*"+"
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hw"3`i(`c*`--2 {h:'c{"cw1~133 ,,BBC
,News a&'=1o
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  #c/#h l!"c("h:"
  ,How ,Much-,Understanding ,Opportunity
,Cost
  k*'r$"bz1ou`33gx"n*`d!ae~`h!1kz"c*`ey"

  by ,Bruce ,E4 ,Bagnell
  ,Decisions1 decisions6 ,Every day we
come across situations in which we have
to make a choice4 ,Economists have long
realized that when we make decisions1 we
are considering our unlimited wants
against limited time1 money1 services1
and opportunities4 ,Every time we
choose1 we 7#a---7 the cost of one item
we can have now against something else
we have to give up4 ,Economists call
this 8opportunity cost10 and you don't
have to have a ,Ph,D in economics to
7#b---7 knowing how the concept works
and how it can improve our life choices4
  ,A simple choice between buying a
dinner in an expensive restaurant and at
a more 7#c---7 food stand can illustrate
opportunity cost4 ,The money you spend
on the high-class restaurant meal is
certain to be more than one at a food
stand4 ,If you choose the restaurant1
you will enjoy a good meal and the
enjoyment of fine dining4
  ,However1 the extra money 7#d---7 on
that meal compared to the food from the
food stand will be lost4 ,You sacrifice
a cheaper meal for a costlier one4 ,This
is an example of 8opportunity cost40
  ,Should you go to college8 ,That would
take at least four years plus the
7#e---7 for tuition1 books1 and other
supplies4 ,During that time you would
probably not be earning any money4 ,The
lost opportunity of earning money is
your opportunity cost of obtaining a
college degree4 ,Before you make your
next purchase1 whether for a house1 car1
college degree1 or just a coffee1
consider what you must forgo to make
that purchase4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 7,A7 cover   7,B7 weigh
      7,C7 possess 7,D7 harvest
  #b4 7,A7 benefit from
      7,B7 negotiate with
      7,C7 enroll in
      7,D7 approve of
  #c4 7,A7 permissible
      7,B7 compatible
      7,C7 affordable
      7,D7 indispensable
  #d4 7,A7 is spent 7,B7 spending
      7,C7 spends   7,D7 spent
  #e4 7,A7 expenses
      7,B7 resources
      7,C7 instruments
      7,D7 contributions
          33333333333333333333

    ~1cw1g/1j:`
  #a4 ,Every time we choose1 we weigh
the cost of one item we can have now
against something else we have to give
up4
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`f*1j!"i:"e)"c+"k/"dy"6"q>`33
  weigh ,A against ,B
  j~1rz1 ,A |` ,B1 hw" ,A |` ,B a:'kt'
h3"l%`c.1
  ? ,Sandy weighed the benefits of
studying abroad in the ,,US against the
costs4
  iv'd*"hw"b/'k31nt"i/'d!a*"b/"|`r9'q0"
a:'kt'h3"l%`c.1-
  b4 j*1f>'e~`e."33
  7,A7 cover vt4 ey1k3"{*'d}"c/"bz1o;
rv1kw"
  ? ,The marathon runner covered #cj
kilometers in less than two hours4
  a!"my1m>`c>'e&'p%`a!`o/"d%"c.`e{`i:1
ot"p%`}1ev'i:1k&'c*`-
  7,C7 possess vt4 6`s`2b:1s`
  ? ,Sam possesses many skills related
to the arts4
  iv'm/`6`s`e|`d3'*"i/"qx'mt"d!ak*"nz1-
  7,D7 harvest vt4 i('r3"2i('k!'
  ? ,The farmers harvest their crops
several times a year4
  a!"e+'n&1m?1mua*'nt1i('k!'h3"/"r%`k*`
j:"-
  c4 ku'k|"ix"i/"6"q>`2l!`a:' 7,B7 e."y'
$1az"e~`-
  #b4 ''' you don't have to have a ,Ph,D
in economics to benefit from knowing how
the concept works and how it can improve
our life choices4
  c*`s1
  a4 7,A7 benefit from''' j&1"""r3"*"
  ? ,There is no doubt that we benefit
from eating fresh fruits and vegetables4
  r%1/1*1="2i:16"e?'et'i/'k3`d$"3`muas`
*"-
  7,B7 negotiate with''' |`"""e+1ix'/
fv1pv"
  ? ,The musician negotiated with the
record company for a higher percentage
of the profits4
  a!"my1?'8"gu1rv"bx"pt"k&'e:'e+1ix'*`
r3"d!1kz"k%'d!ac*"g="b('bz1-
  7,C7 enroll in''' a/"j!"/ dz'k*"ix""""
{e81e{",l!"bz1o
  ? ,Only those who meet the
requirements will be allowed to enroll
in the class4
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my1kw'l!"bz1-
  7,D7 approve of''' hv"bz1/ f&1*""""
  ? ,Though we don't approve of the new
law1 we can't do much about it4
  e$'gv13`muao/"hv"bz1e?'d!aq>`c|"2j8"+`
/1nz1$1c*"-
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ou`a!"k!"kw"nt"i:"g/1r!14"h3"*`k*1f>'g/1
r!1nz1kw`iv"3`muaiz'r31a&'d!ae~`h!1;-r3"
*"-22k/"d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74
  #c4 ,A simple choice between buying a
dinner in an expensive restaurant and at
a more affordable food stand can
illustrate opportunity cost4
  c*`s1
  a4 7,A7 permissible a4 l!`4`e|`d!a
  ? ,The judge said my request was not
permissible4
  q>`k}'i3'3`d!ajy`js1o/"o0"4`e|`-
  7,B7 compatible a4 nz1e.'g&1d!a
  be compatible with''' |`"""e.'g&1
  ? ,This software is not compatible
with my computer4
  a!"k!"g}`f*`|`3`d!adt"n%`o/"e.'g&1-
  7,C7 affordable a4 q/"dv'd!aj*`d!a
  ? ,Many college students took part in
the protest for more affordable
education4
  e|`d3'd>"e81iz'jv'|"a!"j:"d!alx"*"ey1
d&"*`az'j|`kz"q/"dv'd!aj*`d!ai("k{"k*'
r$"-
  7,D7 indispensable a4 o/"l!`r3"j8'd!a
  be indispensable to''' d$""""o/"l!`r3"
j8'
  ? ,Exercise is indispensable to good
health4
  4"d&"d$"c.1r%`d!akt"lx'o/"l!`r3"j8'-
  b4 l&"k!1jt1f*1d%"x1k$"d!ajv'fy'2e.'
k{"a:'e)"2e{`b:'fv'y'kw'i:"o*`k{";-q/"
dv'd!aj*`d!a-22l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,C74
  #d4 ,However1 the extra money spent on
that meal compared to the food from the
food stand will be lost4
  c*`s1
  a4 spend vt4 r9'q0" ev'fw"$133 spend1
spent1 spent4
  ? ,All of the money for the dinner
party was spent on food4
  }`t"d!ajt1d('r9'hw"i:1/"ix"c!a-
  b4 ou`l&"k!1j!"i:"ey1g&1j:1h:`k|"r9"
kt`$1qu'j:1pt"|`d!a6"q>`33
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g3"k}'e*"dw"my1j:1h3"a/`j:1i:12l!`k.'kw'
h:`k|"r9"kt`bz1qu'j:1pt"|`-
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  #a7 iv'b/1k}'e*"dw"my1j:1;
  #b7 a:'r("d!ad&"j:1ot"bz1et"hw"qu'j:1;
g3"d&"j:1$1 be d&"j:12ot"bz1 being r("
l!`iz`c8"-
  ? ,The house 7which was7 designed by
the architect is spectacular4
  n>"$"kt"a/1i:'i!"k*"d!aqx1h:aq0'bx1a_"
k}'-
  c4 ou`k|"l!`r}1~1g/1e)"33
  ,However1 the extra money which is
spent on that meal compared to the food
from the food stand will be lost4
  ku'k|"r9"kt`~1h!12k.'k}'e*"dw"my1j:1
which iv'b/12 be d&"j:1 is ot"bz1et"hw"
qu'j:1 being r("hw"|`*`iz`c8"2k/" 7,D7
spent y'$1az"e~`-
  #e4 ,That would take at least four
years plus the expenses for tuition1
books1 and other supplies4
  c*`s1
  a4 7,A7 expense n4 q0"6"2a:'b/'
  ? ,Please report all your travel
expenses to the accountant before the
end of the month4
  jy`hw"8"d*`jt1e."l7"k*"o%"k%"n*`e3`s`
d!ab/'bw'r9'q0"-
  7,B7 resource n4 h:'~1{bx16"q/"i/"o
  ? ,By cutting down on the number of
plastic bags we use1 we can conserve
energy and natural resources4
  k+"s1kt`i%`3`muai:`6"e/"k{'dw"d!ai/"
c."23`mual!`*`k+1iz`nz1~1r<"h:"gv1h:'~1-
  7,C7 instrument n4 8"j*";j*"k|"
  ? ,Donald has a passion for music and
plays several instruments4
  fx1n>"d!1g!"w"?'8"2rw1r$"}1r%`k*`a&`8"
j*"-
  7,D7 contribution n4 k&"et"
  ? ,In recognition of ,Pamela's
contribution1 the committee has decided
to give her an award4
  $"c!ao{`ax'pv'm*"c>'d!ak&"et"2$`~1r$"
k81dy"ov'k.`k0`f>'-
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j*1f>'o*"e|'p?`d!a;-q0"6"-22k/"e~` 7,A74
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 unlimited a4 /1et"a:"d!a
  limited a4 s`et"d!a
  ? ,Do not underestimate your ability
because everyone has unlimited
potential4
  o+1d*'k/'h:"k*`d!anz1c*"2?'$"m0`k!"gu1
d('s`/1et"d!ajt1c*"-
  ? ,I'd like to help you now1 but my
time is really limited4
  3`j:`l!"e.`ox'a/"n*`2o/"k3"3`d!ai:1kt'
au'd!as`et"-
  #b4 concept n4 kw"nt"2k}'nt"
  ? ,It took our math teacher a while to
explain the complicated concepts in this
chapter to us4
  i/"e81c%`i:'r9'c!a*'e+'i:1kt'e."3`mua
k+`i:"ou`ax'd!aq/"h>1kw"nt"-
  #c4 illustrate vt4 i3'my12bv`my1
  ? ,The doctor illustrated the effects
of smoking with some photos4
  n>"$"*'iz'6"*'e+'a%"pt"cw1i3'my1e*'t'
e3`h%"bz1d!ay`e.`-
  #d4 sacrifice vt4 & n4 e*'iz'
  at the sacrifice of''' e*'iz'"""
  ? ,Renee is willing to sacrifice
everything for her children4
  g$"n*1~"*"$"c!ae{`rw1e*'iz'*'j+"-
  ? ,Benjamin achieved his goal of
becoming rich1 but at the sacrifice of
his health4
  ov'k+1my1d>1d%"c!aa:"q/"d!am/"o{'2j8"
e*'iz'c!ah:"k*`d!akt"lx'-
  #e4 costly a4 x1k$"d!a
  ? ,Money is hard to come by1 so ,I
rarely spend it on costly clothing4
  jt1ru`nv1a}"2?'j:`3`ru`i%`o>`jt1r9'hw"
x1k$"d!a*'q/1ix"-
  #f4 obtain vt4 j|`d!12r3"d!1
  ? ,Isaac wishes to obtain perfect
marks on his remaining exams4
  w"e>"l!"e*'_"nz1hw"iz"e)"d!ak*`l!'l%`
i:"a&'d!1mv`qu'-
  #g4 forgo vt4 qx"j*" ev'fw"$133 forgo1
forwent1 forgone4
  ? ,Due to their tight budget1 the
newlyweds decided to forgo a honeymoon4
  s1|1|"e}"s`et"2a!"d$"e?'r='q/'q/"k81
dy"qx"j*"m*"8"c|`ey1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 come across''' (`gv1|"d%"/ q>'
et""""
  .k come upon'''
  ? ,If you come across this album on
sale1 would you get it for me8
  g/1k3`n*`pz"j{`lv"d%"a!"ax'a}'k*1hw"
f!"mw"2l!`*`ox'3`mw`*'ax'm>ao
  #b4 give up 7'''7/ give 7'''7 up qx"
j*"{"""o
  ? ,If ,Rick fails the exam again1 he's
going to give up4
  g/1k3`g$"l!"a!"j:"s"l%`o/"k*1k!12f>'
ks"{"qx"j*"c!a-
  ? ,You must be out of your mind to
give up such a great job4
  n*`*'dy"i:"qz'c!ajw1r$"qx"j*"a!"m!aox"
d!ak&'h3"-
  #c4 compared to/ with''' rv""""o*`j*`
cw1
  ? ,The amount of money you owe ,Craig
is nothing compared to what he owes me4
  n*`jt"l!"c01k!1d!ajt1ku'f>'jt"3`d!ao*`
j*`cw1ku'ou`o/"e}"i!1m!a-
  #d4 make a purchase k("mw`2mw`d&'e*a
  ? ,Nowadays1 people can stay home to
make purchases rather than go out to a
store4
  g/1k?'2gu1mual!`*`dw'hw"k)'c*`k?"ey1
k("/"2:1o/"o*"b/'mu1j|"ix'dt"mw`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  cost n4 bz1ou`;q0"6"
  ? ,One of our choices is to reduce the
production cost4
  3`muad!aj*1a&'*'e."e~`h!1i:"k."d*'iz'
bv`bz1ou`-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%"k!"a&`|`;-q0"6"-2 e.'k}'d!a
dv'h:"33
  a4 price n4 k)"k!12k)"jt1
  {k)"jt1d!ax1k$"r3"pt1*1{"6" high r3"
low cw1es'i:"o
  ? ,David charged a high price for his
work because his paintings were in
demand4
  d>"$"lw'k%'k)"b/'i("f>'d!ah3"p?`2?'$"
f>'d!ar9"h3"ru`j.`i(`-
  b4 value n4 k)"a:1
  ? ,The value of the houses in that
area doubled due to the construction of
the ,,MRT system4
  s1|1kt"h%"c!ak+14"e*"f&`2kw'd*"j|'qx1
/'d!ak)"a:1qv'c!a*'o0"-
  c4 charge n4 {s1a:`d$"m(`*'q/1/"r3"r31
d&"d!ao q0"6"/ i('q0"
  ? ,There's an extra charge for the use
of tennis courts4
  i:`6"_`js1bx`e|'{"!17"q/"q0"-
  d4 fee n4 q0"6"{a:`q/"k0`a}'+"gu1~1ov"
i:"d!ai(`e|"q0",*'i:'d!aau`b>1q0",c|"i:'
d!aot"r/"q0"2r3"j*1f>'d!ao%"my1q0",g/"
bx`q0"dz`o
  ? ,To file a divorce suit1 ,Tina had
to pay the lawyer's fee4
  $"c!af*1c*1r='e/"e&"2d*"n>"o*"e|'a:'
q/"c|"i:'q0"-
  ? ,A fee must be paid before you can
use the pool4
  i:`6"kw's16`b:1jt1o*"e|'et'q/"g/"bx`
q0"-
  e4 fare n4 {bz1h3"k&'b!',k*"bz1b!',r3`
b!',b}1a:',q0'k*'dz`d!ao k{'f&'q0"
  ? ,I left my wallet at home and didn't
have any money to pay the taxi fare4
  3`o>`p*1k)1_"hw"k)'c*`2m01jt1q/"k*"bz1
b!'q0"-
  f4 rent n4 h/'k?'
  ? ,Dora got fired and couldn't afford
to pay her rent4
  d3`c>'o0"k+`k/"c!a2/1c*"a:'q/"f>'d!a
qx1h/'-
  g4 rate n4 {*'o{'a=`k*1k|"d!ao q0"6"/
k)"k!1
  ? ,Nurses took to the streets last
,Saturday1 demanding more reasonable
rates of pay4
  r/"c*`i:'ix"a('cs"h(`ix"k+'f(12{'js1
kz"r!1c*`d!ak&'h:'-
  h4 toll n4 {bx16"cw1a:`d%"c/",j{1c.1
dz`d!ao f&'ey1q0"
  ? ,You may have to pay tolls when
using freeways or bridges4
  i:`6"k%'e/"k&'c/"r3"k3"j{1i:1l!`nz1d!1
a:'q/"f&'ey1q0"-
          33333333333333333333

  {o economist n4 ky'k*"e81k)'
  economics n4 ky'k*"e81
  {o a ,Ph,D o<1i:"e81$"
  {o high-class a4 k%'k*1d!a
  {o tuition n4 e81q0"{o/"l!`i/`o
  {o supplies n4 g:"6"{o*"e|'o p?`{rz16"
q/"i/"o
          33333333333333333333

  k*'r$"bz1ou`33gx"n*`d!ae~`h!1kz"c*`ey"
  k81dy"2k81dy"l m0`*'ft'3`muad('r$"|"
d%"e|'{"h3"k81dy"d!ajy1l_"- ky'k*"e81k)'
bx1ks`*`cw1d('a:'d%"2dx'3`muah3"k81dy"
i:123`mual%`c.1d!ai:"/1j61d!a|"_"d$"ix"
s`et"d!ai:1kt',k?'jt1,q/1/"rv"k*'r$"- 3`
muam0`*'j:"h3"e~`h!1i:12d('i:"hw"j~1rz1
m/"jt1l!`j|`d!1d!ai:"/"|`o*"e|'qx"j*"d!a
cy"*'."i:"/"d!abz1ou`-
  ky'k*"e81k)'bz'a:'$1;-k*'r$"bz1ou`-22
:1n*`o/"e|'{"6`s`ky'k*"e81o<1i:"e81$"2+`
nz1j&1c{`k+`a!"k!"kw"nt"i:"g/1r!14"h3"*`
k*1f>'g/1r!1nz1kw`iv"3`muaiz'r31a&'d!a
e~`h!1r3"*"-
  {"hw"x1k$"d!ajv'fy'rw1i:"hw"o*`k{"q/"
dv'd!aj*`d!ae{`b:'fv'mw`}`jv'2a!"a&`kt`
dv'd!ae~`h!1ks"nz1i3'my1k*'r$"bz1ou`-
n*`hw"k%'k*1jv'fy'b:'*'jv'e3`r9'q0"d!a
k?'!1lu`dy"r$"o*`hw"e{`b:'fv'd3'- g/1k3`
n*`e~`h!1c!ajv'fy'2n*`k.'nz1e.`i("ru`ox"
d!a*'jv'rv"ky'a:"jv'?`dw"cw1d!a|1l7"-
o/"k3"2n*`k.'r$"e=`i:'o*`hw"e{`b:'fv'b:'
qv"d3'r9'd!an>"e+'jt1- n*`$"c!akz"x1k$"
d!a*'jv':1e*'iz'k{"pt1*1d!a*'jv'- a!"ot"
i:";-k*'r$"bz1ou`-2 d!a*'c*"-
  n*`kw'o/"kw'd/1d>"e81n!ao n>"a:"i%`{"
r9'ix"e:"nt1d!ai:1kt'2k)'ix"e81q0",i/'
k*1rv"j*1f>'o*"e|'p?`d!aq0"6"- hw"n>"d}"
i:1kt'2n*`+`l!`nz1a}"o/"d%"gu"r!1jt1-
i:'j|"a}"jt1d!ak*'r$"ot"i:"n*`j|`d!1d>"
e81e81$"d!ak*'r$"bz1ou`- hw"n*`e)"*'j:"
k("/"a:'jt12o/"k}`i:"qx1h:a,b!'h:a,d>"
e81e81$"r3"k?`k?`i:"*'o0'l>'q0'2et'e.`
e.`n*`r9'e)"n>"o*`jt1i:1o*"e|'qx"j*"d!a
d&'e*ao>a-

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,B #b4 ,A #c4 ,C #d4 ,D
#e4 ,A
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#i a/`f*1e+`h3"
  ,Spot the ,Fake
  k)`r3"rz"ey12g/1r!1h:"o%`o

  f*1i:"
  et"k?'k)`r3"i:1qu'bx'l_12e{`j&1*'q/1,
e+1h:a2d>"a:"dt"h:`bv`p?`d('nz1kt"d%"k)`
r3"d!ah&'k*'- jy`*`j:`$1f*12e+`*'pt'y'=1
h3"=12=1bx1a:"i%` #abj k!"dv'j:1
7words74 d*"*'d}"m{1i/"k)`r3"iz"ey1d!a
et"e."k*1o0"r("d!al!`nz1~1?'2d*":"d}"h!1
i3'my1n*`gu"$1l!`*`h!`m!ah3"*`o*"mt`k("
mw`d%"k)`r3"-

  d&"d&"n%`
  c*"6" #b,W+ #a,H 7,Why+ ,How+ ,What7
  $"r!1 ,Why are fake goods so
widespread8
  g/1r!1 ,How do sellers of fake items
trick customers8
  r!1i:" ,What can you do to spot a
fake8

  d>"kx'
  d*"*'d}"33m{1i/"k)`r3"iz"ey1d!aet"e."
|`l!`nz1d!a~1?'-
  ? k)`r3"r$"g:"kt"iz"ey1i:"?'$"s`gu1e.`
mw`my1pw1r3"-
  ? gu1muak.'my1pw1r3"i:"$1iu'qu"d*"$"
d!ae."az'2gv1:1e|`d3'gu1d('mw`o/"j*`x1
k$"d!aau'p?`-
  ? ?'j:`o/"e{"ix'gu1au'd$"a!"k!"e|'js1
a:"h%"k*1qv"mw"k)`r3"2*`a}"j|`k%'!1c*"
g="-
  d*":"d}"33i3'my1l!`*`h!`m!ah3"*`o*"mt`
mw`d%"k)`r3"-
  ? k)`r3"ix'f&'bx1r$"hw"t"p?`ix"i:`6"
p?`pw1my1bz'r3"o{'a:"gx"gu1/"*`$1a!"i:"
au'p?`-
  ? g/1k3`my1pw1bv`p?`d!ai("k)"k3"d*'2
ks"d0`dx'e?'-
  ? j:`7"2g/1k3`o%'a_'lv"j*`cw1ru`ct1
k)"2c*`f(1d!ad&'e*aru`l!`nz1i:"m%"pw1
r3"-
  d*"*'d}"33 ,Fake products can be found
practically everywhere in the world4
  a4 ,The reason why fake goods are on
the rise is that people want designer
goods4
  b4 ,People view luxury goods as a
status symbol4 ,However1 many people can
't afford the products4
  c4 ,Manufacturers of fake goods know
they can earn huge profits by meeting
the demands of those people4
  d*":"d}"33 ,Sellers of fake goods
often deceive customers by using brand
names or logos that look like the real
deal4
  a4 ,If you don't want to fall for
their trick1 there are two things to
watch out for--price and packaging4
  b4 ,First1 fake goods tend to be
cheaper than genuine products4
  c4 ,Second1 products from respected
brands won't be wrapped in materials
that look cheap and are of low quality4
  k+1c="k|"33 ,Therefore1 when it comes
to buying name-brand products1 make sure
you look before you leap4
          33333333333333333333

  qv"=1
  ,Fake products can be found
practically everywhere in the world4
,One reason the fake goods industry is
booming is that many consumers are big
fans of luxury brands4 ,Most of these
people consider luxury brands a status
symbol4 ,Since these products usually
cost an arm and a leg1 some consumers
choose to purchase fake products when
they cannot afford genuine ones4
,Dishonest manufacturers take advantage
of this mindset4 ,They reap large
profits while satisfying the desires of
customers4
  ,Sellers of fake goods often deceive
customers by using brand names or logos
that look like the real deal4 ,So1 if
you want to avoid buying fakes1 there
are two things you should pay attention
to3 price and packaging4 ,For example1
if you want to buy a designer bag and
are offered a price that is far too low1
there is likely a catch4 ,In other
words1 it is probably a fake4 ,In
addition1 packaging is often a clear
giveaway4
  ,Packaging of authentic products is
usually of high quality1 while the
packaging of counterfeits is not4
,Therefore1 when it comes to buying
name-brand products1 make sure you look
before you leap4
  k)`r3"k*'r/'hw"i:"k+"k!"d*"d('s`- k)`
r3"+"r$"a!"m!aey'_"d!a*'k!"~1?'i:"e|`d3'
e{'q0"a!`d('g!"w"i!'b:`p?`pw1- a!"e+'gu1
d3'ov"gu"$1i!'b:`p?`pw1i:"d*"$"d!ae."
az'- ?'$"a!"e+'bv`p?`f&'bx1e.'dx'x1k$"2
s`e+'e{'q0"a!`hw"mw`o/"j*`az"p?`d!ai:1
r("ot"e~`h!1k("mw`k)`r3"- o/"c%`i:1d!a
a:"h%"ix'c*"6"a!"a&`e:'$1m<1i:"- f>'mua
*'mt"r3"j|`o%"c*"2*'mt"mv`h/1c!ak/"l!"
d!a|"_"-
  k)`r3"mw"k)'ky'bx16"k*'l!`c}"au'd!ap?`
pw1my1bz'r3"ix'o{'cw1j*'pt"k/"l!"- ?'
j:`2g/1k3`n*`e.`o*"mt`mw`d%"k)`r3"2s`c.`
dt`{"a/"*"33k)"k!1rv"o%'a_'- o*`qx'i3'2
g/1k3`n*`e.`mw`k%'k*1i!"k*"o%'2mw"k)'j8"
lw'b/'~`d*'|1rx1jy1d!ak)"k!12n>"ks"ru`
l!`nz1s`et"ky`- +`ks"i:"i3'2a!"k!"o%'o>'
bz1i:"k)`r3"- j:`7"2o%'a_'ky'bx1i:"ru`
my1et`d!aet"e3`- az"p?`d!ao%'a_'p?`a:1
f&'bx1d('ru`s'2t"p?`d!ao%'a_'h!1o/"gv1-
?'j:`2i3'd%"mw`my1pw1bv`p?`2*'dy"{"ev'
e:':1r("ey1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 fake n4 k)`r3"2t"p?` & a4 $"h%"d!a
  ? ,After careful examination1 the
experts agreed that the painting was a
fake4
  hw"e.1e*"kt`t"a:'r("2a}'k)'d('gu"$1a!"
q/1r9"i:"k)`r9"-
  ? ,The thieves replaced the real
painting with a fake one4
  n>"e+'j+"h016"k)`r9"j|`dw"au'k*'-
  #b4 practically adv4 k*'r/'7f&'bx16"
cw1es'i:"rv1kw"ey"}1j~1d!aj:1c0"2g/1
every1 no1 all rv" any7
  ? ,Practically every major city in the
world is facing a pollution problem4
  j~1js1k*'r/'m0`k!"d>"bz1i:"d('hw"mt"
c?1/'gv`="f*1-
  #c4 boom vi4 ey'_"
  ? ,Business was booming1 so the boss
gave everyone a raise4
  ?'$"iz'*"ey'_"2e3`*`c%`ov`k0`d>"k)'k)'
e?'-
  #d4 luxury n4 i!'b:`2i!'r91{j:`b/"$1
my1j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o
  ? ,I can do without luxury goods1 but
,I cannot do without books4
  3`l!`*`m01s`i!'b:`p?`2dv"3`o/"nz1m01s`
i/'-
  #e4 purchase vt4 k("mw`
  ? ,I suggest you purchase the
equipment from your local supplier4
  3`kt"*"n*`e."dx'd*"k&'y"ix'k("mw`a!"
a&`i!"o0"-
  #f4 genuine a4 au'az"d!a
  ? ,This is a genuine ,Paul ,Cezanne
drawing4
  a!"q/1r9"i:"o%`c31-ew"ix"d!aau'k*'-
  #g4 reap vt4 r3"d!1{c*"g=",bz1k3`,r%`
b/"dz`o
  ? ,Patrick is reaping the rewards of
his investment4
  pw"j$'l!"az"hw"r3"d!1f>'d!af(1h:'o%"
b(1-
  #h4 satisfy vt4 i:`mv`h/1/ mv`*"
  ? ,As a salesperson1 ,Suzie always
does her best to satisfy her clients4
  iu'$1*'my1+"/"2e/'e*'h&`i:"k?"c*"mv`
h/1f>'d!al!"r/"-
  #i4 deceive vt4 j*'pt"
  ? ,You should never deceive others4
,Eventually1 the truth will come to
light4
  n*`o/"y'kw'j*'pt"f>'gu1- au'e."d%"h$"
r("*'dy"r$"d>"ow1-
  #aj4 logo n4 ix'o{';o{'a:"2o{'i:"
  ? ,The design of a logo can have a
great impact on the image of a com pany4
  ix'o{'d!ai!"k*"l!`*`d$"k&'e:'ey1e."bv`
iz'k*1d>"d!ay`e.`-
  #aa4 catch n4 ?`jx1d!aet"ky`/ nv1f*1
{l(`|`6"q>`o
  ? ,The deal sounds too good4 ,I'm sure
there must be a catch somewhere4
  a!"k!"e+1*"fy'j*`cw1fw"ox"c!a- 3`ru`
lu`dy"dx'a&'*'dy"s`et"ky`-
  #ab4 authentic a4 au'i:1d!a2az"h&'d!a
  ? ,Are you sure this is an authentic
diamond8
  n*`j8"dy"a!"i:"r3"au'k)"i:1d!ah}"i:1
m>ao
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 cost 7sb7 an arm and a leg
  q0'bx1x1k$";r9'c!a{m(`gu1o ru`d3'jt1
  ? ,These running shoes cost ,Jordan an
arm and a leg4
  a!"i_'p%`o/"e+1r9'c!aj{1dv'*'d>"o*`
jt1-
  #b4 can/ cannot afford ,N/ to ,V q/"
dv'd!aj*`/ o/"j*`"""
  ? ,Wendy just won the lottery4 ,Now
she can afford a big house4
  ='d*"kx'a&"c!ac!"f("- g/1k?'f>'mw`d!a
j*`*'d&"d>"qx1h:a-
  ? ,Ken wants to buy a car1 but he
cannot afford it4
  >"lu`e.`{"mw`*'c."b!'2dv"f>'q/"dv'o/"
j*`-
  ? ,Amanda cannot afford to eat out
every day4
  w"mv"d>1q/"dv'o/"j*`m0`ft'7"i:1-
  #c4 take advantage of''' c*"6""""
  ? ,We took advantage of the long
weekend and went on a trip4
  3`muac*"6"n>"j:"ct1k)"j|"c|`ey1-
  #d4 ,In other words1 ,S+ ,V r}"t1a:'2
+`ks"i:"i3'
  .k ,To put it differently1 ,S+ ,V
  .k ,That is 7to say71 ,S+ ,V
  ? ,Ms4 ,Robinson just let ,Dylan go4
,In other words1 he was fired4
  c31o?'eu'e{`k+`kx'kx'jy`d*1c=1h(`gu1-
+`ks"i:"i3'2f>'o0"lw'b/1c!a-
  #e4 be of+ m(`e+'b('e."my1j:1{k|"
o0"o"""d!a
  of a:'r("k)'m(`e+'b('e."my1j:1i:12ks"
dz`|1*"e:'e.'d$"y"d!aey1g&1j:16"q>`-
  ? ,I don't need this chair1 but it
might be of use/ useful to someone4
  3`o/"e|'{"a!"ax'*`h:a2dv"i:"d$"m(`gu1
cw1i3'2f>'r3"e|`r$"s`6"-
  #f4 look before you leap ev'e:':1r("
ey1
  ? ,You'd better look before you leap4
,I don't think you really understand the
situation4
  n*`h$"r%`ev'e:':1r("ey1- 3`k81d!an*`
m01s`au'd!ac{`k+`a_"l_"-
          33333333333333333333

  {o consumer n4 e{'q0"a!`
  {o status n4 d*"$"2iu'qu"
  {o manufacturer n4 a:"h%"ix'
  {o mindset n4 e:'$1m<1i:"
  {o a brand name {ix'p?`d!ao p?`pw1my1
bz'
  {o packaging n4 o%'a_'
  {o designer a4 a:'my1i!"k*"i:'i!"k*"
d!a;cw1h:"a:'my1p?`pw1j+`i("k)"x1k$"d!a
  {o giveaway n4 g&1*"i:`gu1jw'a&"d!ad&'
e*a
  {o counterfeit n4 k)`r3"2t"p?` & a4
qx`h%"d!a & vt4 qx`h%"
  {o name-brand a4 {k?`6"|1my1j:1jt1o
my1pw1d!a
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 one/ the reason 7why7+ ,S+ ,V+ is+
that h:`k|""""d!a~1?'{a:'*'o i:""""
  ? 8one/ the reason 7why7+ ,S+ ,V0 i:"
ix"i/"k|"k("d!aa/`j:12 is i:"d&"j:12j*1
r("y'k+' that ?`d%`d!amy1j:1h:`k|"h3"a/`
j:1o/`|`- et"dw"y'm0`gu1i:"bx16" because
j|`dw" that1 ks"t1k?`d!a=1q>`k{`d/"cw1
lv"2j:`6"q>`oy"o/"az"j8"2?'$" because ?`
d%`d!ai:"q/"j:1h:`k|"2e.'dx'|1q/"j:12:1
be d&"j:1a:'r("a:`l!`k+'my1j:1r3"my1j:1
h:`k|"h3"o/`|`-
  ? ,The reason 7why7 ,Louis was late is
that he overslept4
  c/"*"e:'b:1d%"d!a~1?'i:"f>'i$"k3"f(1-
  #b4 ,They reap large profits while
satisfying the desires of customers4
  ,Packaging of authentic products is
usually of high quality1 while the
packaging of counterfeits is not4
  ? d*"*'k|"a&'d!a while $1q/"j:1ct1k+'
j:12o{`;-dx'"""i:1-22f&'bx16"cw1o{`i:"
b:1e|"d!ad&"h3"r3"a_"fw"- j:`7"2 while
q/"j:1h:`k|"a&'d!aa/`j:1|`a/`{"h:`k|"a&'
a:'a/`j:1e.'f&1i:12j:`q/"j:1h:`k|"l!`r9"
kt`$1qu'j:1k|"k("2r9"kt`~1h!1g/1e)"33
  #a4 iv'b/1q/"j:1h:`k|"a:'a/`j:1
  #b4 j*1r("d&"j:1r9"$1et"hw"qu'j:1
  #c4 et"hw"qu'j:1$1 being i:1f&'bx1iz`
c8"
  ? ,While waiting for the movie to
start1 ,Lisa checked her cellphone
messages4
  c*"i>'hw"dz`dt"y`lw'i:`d!ai:1r("i="ot"
b>1lv"i(`k*'d!ae4"e*1-
  ? d*":"k|"a&'d!a while $1d$"dz`ct1k+'
j:12o{`;-{gv1o :1-22j*1e3`?`d%`d!aa/`{"
h:`k|"f&'bx1a:"|1cy"*'a/`{"h:`k|"a:'r("2
j*1jt1k)'d("dt`2k*1dz`|1 whereas r3"
but4
  ? ,Some people love stinky tofu1 while
others find it disgusting4
  s`e+'gu1b%'w"b("d("q/`2gv1:1s`e+'gu1
j8"k81d!ab("d("q/`ru`!`e?'-
          33333333333333333333

  k?"k+'qv"=1
  ,Counterfeit products can be found
virtually everywhere on the planet4
  ,Fraudulent manufacturers often try to
disguise their fake goods with
established brand names1 familiar logos1
and trusted certification marks4
,Counterfeiting is rampant because it is
a highly lucrative business4 ,The
counterfeiters don't have to invest in
developing a product4 ,They don't even
have to operate any physical shops4
  ,The number and variety of fake goods
have been on the rise1 especially since
the occurrence of the ,,COVID-#ai
pandemic4 ,Because of lockdowns1 more
people have been ordering goods online1
only to later discover that what they
have received are fakes4
  ,To protect yourself from falling
victim to dishonest businessmen1 you
should stay alert when buying anything1
especially name-brand products4 ,First1
when shopping at a store or online1 buy
directly from the brand owners or
authorized retailers4 ,Unknown third-
party sellers are very likely
counterfeiters4 ,Second1 if the price is
too good to be true1 you should
immediately suspect that the
product is a knockoff4 ,However1 you
should also keep in mind that some
cunning sellers may keep the price high
to try and pass goods off as legitimate4
,Third1 trust your instincts4
  ,If you are feeling a little wary
about a deal1 you should maybe give it a
pass4 ,After all1 it is always better to
err on the side of caution4
  t"p?`hw"j~1js1k*'r/'i:"b/"b/"l!`kt"-
j*'pt"e{'q0"a!`d!aa:"h%"ix'ky'bx1i:"f/1
6"a/"my1p?`pw1my1bz',a&"gu1i/1e*'d!aix'
o{'|`i("d%"e?"gu"d!agu"az"o{'a:"cw1t`i:"
k)`r3"- qx`h%"k)`r3"d!abx'k81i:"?'$"a!"
mu1iz'*"k*1s`a}"f(1- k)`r3"ix'o/"e|'{"
f(1h:'t1q>'bv`p?`- f>'muaiu"a:"o/"e|'{"
ky'y1i:1f*`dt"p/"- k)`r3"d!ai/"c."|`a&`
c0"|"cw1|"d3'2s1j*1i:"hw"e?'k}"q0"t1*"
jy1q>'iz'a:'r("- ?'$"qz'bz1d!a~1k/"2kz"
d3'gu1hw"et"ix"dy"r3"2k+1k3`r("cw1q>'et"
f>'muan>1d%"d!ai:"k)`r3"-
  g3"{"o%`r/"h:"k*`o/"i("kt'ix'e3`rw"2
n*`o/"k}`hw"mw`i!1m!ad&'e*ad('kw'o%`b:1
ky`k812s1j*1i:"mw`my1pw1r3"i:1kz"i:"g/1
j:`- d*"*'2hw"dt"k)'r3"_`c/"ix"k("/"i:12
{"a:1k+'e."p?`pw1a:1y1dt"r3"i("j~1cy1i("
ix'k("mw`- cw1c/"o/"my1d!ad*"ev'qx'mw"
k)'ru`l!`nz1i:"mw"k)`r3"d!a- d*":"2g/1
k3`i("k)"p{"c."d%"o/"e."r9"2n*`y'kw'{"
c*"l!"r71*1a!"k!"bv`p?`i:"m%"pw1r3"- gv1
:12n*`+`{"k*"d!as`e+'k{`r91d!amw"k)'r3"
e|`r$"$1b:1x1k$"d!ai("k)"2gx"gu1*`$1n>"
i:"az"p?`- d*"ev'2e.'e?"n*`d!aa:1k81-
g/1k3`n*`d$"m(`o*`k{'*"kv`d%"s`dt`o/"v'2
+`e|`n*`ks"o/"y'kw'mw`- o*"ky"qv1i:"k?`
iu"*'dt`h&`i:"o*`k{"r%`-
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#aj e?'=1y'|`
  ,Virgin ,Hyperloop ,Holds ,First
,Passenger ,Trial
  ;-b%'k*1k%'f+`-2 b/'q>'l i(`j:"hw"gu1
j!"i:"bz1k&'

  ,In ,November #bjbj1 ,Virgin
,Hyperloop held the first passenger
trials on its high speed vacuum tube
transport pods4 ,The transportation
system uses magnetic levitation1 or
maglev1 train technology4 ,However1
instead of a train track1 the system
uses a vacuum tube which allows for
higher speeds4 ,The fastest maglev train
was clocked at #cgd miles per hour in a
test in ,Japan in #bjae4 ,In comparison1
the ,Virgin ,Hyperloop is expected to
reach speeds of higher than #fjj mph4
  ,Sara ,Luchian1 the company's director
of customer experience1 and ,Josh
,Giegel1 the chief technology officer1
were chosen for the first ride and
traveled in a pod on a #ejj-meter test
track located in the ,,US state of
,Nevada4 ,The pod reached speeds of #ajg
mph and traveled the length of the tube
in #ae seconds4 ,Luchian reported that
the ride was smooth and that neither of
the passengers felt sick by the sudden
acceleration or speed4
  ,Rob ,Lloyd1 who previously worked for
the company when it was called ,Virgin
,Hyperloop ,One1 said in a #bjah
interview that the transport system
would theoretically allow people to
travel the #de miles between ,London's
,Gatwick and ,Heathrow airports in a
mere four minutes4 ,It has also been
suggested that the ,Virgin ,Hyperloop
could replace current modes of transport
between ,Dubai and ,Abu ,Dhabi4
  ,In theory1 the new technology would
cut the travel time between the two
countries to #ab minutes4
  ,While ,Virgin ,Hyperloop was proud to
announce the successful test as a sign
that the concept is actually feasible1
others are less certain4 ,Any system
would involve hundreds of miles of tubes
to be constructed1 and some have
questioned the logistics of this
undertaking4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 ,Why is the maglev train mentioned
in the first paragraph8
  7,A7 ,The ,Hyperloop will replace all
maglev trains4
  7,B7 ,Maglev trains are just as fast
as the ,Hyperloop4
  7,C7 ,The ,Hyperloop and maglev trains
use similar technology4
  7,D7 ,Maglev trains are seen as a
better alternative to the ,Hyperloop4
  #b4 ,Which of the following do you
,,NOT learn about the passenger trial
from the passage8
  7,A7 ,Where the trial was held4
  7,B7 ,The speed the pod went4
  7,C7 ,How far the journey was4
  7,D7 ,The date the test took place4
  #c4 ,What is a concern about the
,Hyperloop mentioned in the passage8
  7,A7 ,It might not be safe4
  7,B7 ,It will be too expensive for
people4
  7,C7 ,It will be difficult to get it
built4
  7,D7 ,It will only cover short
distances4
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 magnetic a4 s`j:1ey"d!a
  ? ,A compass interacts with the
earth's magnetic force4
  a:`nv1au'r$"|`d*"js1d!aj:1c*"bv`iz'k{'
r/"h3"6"-
  #b4 acceleration n4 k)'e/"
  ? ,My #aj-year-old car has poor
acceleration1 and ,I'm going to buy a
new one this month4
  3`d!ai:1nt1c%`b!'k)'e/"ey"nz1o/"k)'2
a!"k!"8"3`r$"k("mw`*'c."e?'d!a-
  #c4 theoretically adv4 c*`c="ix"
  ? ,Apple says that a new software
update will theoretically let the ,Apple
,Watch run more smoothly4
  ,Apple o{`i:"2c*`c="ix"e?'d!ag}`f*`kz'
e?'k.'r$"gx" ,Apple ,Watch p%`d!akz"i="-
  #d4 replace vt4 j|`dw"2dw"f*"
  ? ,Before long1 computers may replace
televisions altogether4
  o/"ks`a:'r("2dt"n%`l!`nz1r$"}1j~1j|`
dw"dt"i:"-
  #e4 feasible a4 l!`ey1d!a
  ? ,That's really a novel idea1 but ,I
don't know if it is feasible4
  n>"au'i:"*'k!"e?'j*1d!adt`h:a2dv"3`o/"
a:'d%"f>'i:"q(`ey1d!af&'-
  #f4 involve vt4 e|'{"2o%'rv1
  ? ,Running a restaurant kitchen
involves a great deal of discipline and
organization4
  k}`c*`jv'fy'd!ab/1qx1e|'{"t1my1d!ak*"
c|"k*1d>"c."d!ab(1o0"k&'h3"-
  #g4 construct vt4 kt"h%"
  ? ,The bridge was constructed about
two years ago4
  a!"h3"j{1i:"d>"8'c.`nt1jt1kt"h%"d!a-
  #h4 undertaking n4 k&'h3"
  ? ,The construction of this building
will be a tough undertaking4
  a!"d&"d>"c(1d!akt"h%"k.'r$"i:"*'e."kt'
k|"d!ak&'h3"-
  #i4 alternative n4 f*"dw"qx'v"2e~`h!1
& a4 f*"dw"d!a
  ? ,The doctor offered a treatment
using drugs as an alternative to
surgery4
  *'iz'f*1*"*`{"/"a:"c{1h3"$1i(`i/"d!a
f*"dw"qx'v"-
  ? ,You should create an alternative
plan in case your first one fails4
  n*`y'kw'n*`*'k!"f*"dw"qx'v"2*`mt`d*"*'
k!"k*"r9"o/"k}`6"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 allow for''' i:`"""bz1$1l!`nz1/
q>'iz'
  ? ,The system allows for a more
efficient use of our resources4
  a!"e."e*"f&`i:`3`muad!ah:'~1d!1d%"kz"
s`e{"d!ac*"6"-
  #b4 ,In comparison1''' e.'k{"a:'
e)"2"""
  comparison n4 o*`k{"
  ? ,The goods at this store are cheap4
,In comparison1 everything at the one
across the street is overpriced4
  a!"k)'dt"d!aix'p?`ru`pt1*1- e.'k{"a:'
e)"2d$"k+'n>"k)'dt"d!am0`."d&'e*ad('fw"
k$"c!a-
  #c4 be expected to ,V |"k*"/ |"j*1
r$""""
  ? ,A lot of people are expected to
benefit from this new policy4
  |"j*1r$"s`ru`d3'gu1?'a!"e."e?'az"j!":1
i("r$"-
  #d4 a mere+ i/"h:" k?`k?`g3"kv'"""
  mere a4 k?`k?`d!a
  ? ,We need a mere ,,US 4#cj1jjj to set
up a radio station4
  3`muai!"c*"*'k)'k_`o<"dt"fw1a:`e|'{"
ev'}"m0`~1-
  #e4 in theory c*`c="ix"
  ? ,In theory1 your plan sounds fine1
but in practice1 ,I don't think it will
work4
  n*`d!ak*"r9"c*`c="ix"fy'j*`cw1o/"j3"2
dv"i:1k*"ix"3`gu"$1f>'ey1o/"f&'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  clock sb/ sth at/ going/ doing+ i/"h:"
d>1d%"/ et`i:"/ j!"d%"m(`gu1/ m(`/"d!a
e/"d/"/ c*`bz1$1g3"kv'
  ? ,The traffic cop signaled ,Lydia to
pull over because he clocked her doing
#ajj mph1 which exceeded the speed
limit4
  k{'f&'ky`b>1d>`i(`i:"{"c*"d*1)"l%"ot'
fy12?'$"f>'j!"d%"f>'*`*'ow`y'c*`d!ai:1
e/"ey1i:`2a!"b%'b/'c!ae/"et"-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" clock h3"d&"j:1k*1my1j:1
d!abx1kt"6"q>`33
  a4 clock in d>`l>`ix"ov'
  .k punch in
  ? ,The manager clocks in on time every
day to set an example for his employees4
  ky'c*`m0`ft'a=`i:1d>`l>`ix"ov'2$"~1k&'
i/"c*"ox`."-
  b4 clock out d>`l>`e)"ov'
  .k punch out
  ? ,Make sure that you clock out before
leaving the office4
  e)"ov'c*1lw'ov"k&'i:"jt1/"o*"j8"gu"n*`
s`d>`l>`-
  c4 against the clock qu'm{`o*"az'd!a2
kv`i:1kt'
  ? ,Everyone in that company is working
against the clock4
  n>"k)'k&'e:'d!am0`k!"gu1d('qu'm{`o*"
az'd!ak&'h3"-
  d4 round/ around the clock g:"*`k*"+"2
g:"+"o/"fy1d!a
  ? ,The factory is operating around the
clock as it tries to complete all the
orders4
  kw'k&'bx`$"c!a{"kv`}1e3`s`d!ady"dv':1
g:"*`k*"+"d!a4"a}`-
  e4 run out the clock
  e{'r%"iz"|1{o*`ew"o i:1kt'o/"gx"d$"qx'
d!1qu'
  ? ,In order to run out the clock1
,Kenny made a foul in the last two
minutes4
  $"c!ae{'r%"iz"|1d!ao*`ew"i:1kt'2lu`n*1
hw"h$"r("c.`qu'a&'qv"k$'-
  f4 turn the clock back/ turn back the
clock
  gx"i:1k_'d%"cs1;r$1k/"2a$'e/"
  ? ,My father always turns back the
clock with some oldies from the #aifjs
in the afternoon4
  3`o>"h&`i:"hw"e)"/`fy'*'e+' #aifj nt1
dw"d!ac%`k!'2r$1$"*'e)"n>"d}"i:1k_'-
          33333333333333333333

  {o a vacuum tube au'l&'k}`
  vacuum n4 au'l&'
  {o pod n4 m*"o*"b!'jx';{fw"l&'b}1d!ao
qu'c*1jx'
  {o levitation n4 iz'l&'2p{'q/1
  {o maglev a4 j:1q/1d!a
  {o mode n4 qx'i:"
  {o logistics n4 {i:`k*"r9"bz1k&'d!ao
r("j?1k&'h3"/ f&`b(1v'pw1
  ;-b%'k*1k%'f+`-2 b/'q>'l i(`j:"hw"gu1
j!"i:"bz1k&'
  #bjbj nt1i:1*'8"2$1au'b%'r$1c/"c+"b!'
{s"bz'b%'k*1k%'f+`o hw"j*1k%'e/"au'l&'
k}`4"i/'jx'ix"k?"ey1c!ai(`j:"hw"l!"i:"
4"- kw'4"i/'e*"f&`i:`6"j:1q/1{*"l!`e+`
h3" maglev7 c+"b!'k*"i/"- gv1:12kw'e*"
f&`i:`6"au'l&'k}`dw"f*"r3`b!'k$`d%"2i:`
j*1l!`*`kz"k%'e/"- hw" #bjae nt1g:"ou`
d!a*'e."j!"i:"a&'2h$"l7"d!aj:1q/1c+"b!'
i:1e/"d>1d%"m0`e{`i:1ev'ow`j*'i:1e:"y'
c*`- e.'o*`a:'e)"2$1au'b%'k*1k%'f+`d!a
e/"d/"|"k*"r$"d>1d%"m0`e{`i:1cs"ow`y'c*`
*`ix"-
  kw'k&'e:'d!al!"r/"f*`t"h&`kt'e>"
c>'-c/1j*1v'rv"k*"i/"ax`j{1e|`-k*1k!1:`
o0"e~`cw1k?"ey1i(`j:"i:"bz12f>'muah3"hw"
b!'jx'c*`2f&'k3"$"|1m0`k31n0"r91d>1a('/`
ow`k&'b:`bx1d!aj!"i:"k}`d%"- kw'b!'jx'
d!ae/"d/"d>1d%"m0`e{`i:1*'ow`cy1j*'y'
c*`2i:1/`m{`ks"f&'k3"k}`d%"j~1bz1- c/1
j*1v'o%"k%"i3'2bz1b!'k3"bz1ru`py1=`2c.`
$"bz1l!"d('m01s`?'$"f/1gv1k)'e/"r3"f>'
d!ae/"d/":1kv`d%"!`e?'-
  hw"$1au'b%'k*1k%'f+`my1$1$1au'b%'k*1
k%'f+`*'r%"i:12c31o<1-c3"*'d!1jz1hw"kw'
k&'e:'k&'h3"2f>'hw" #bjah nt1d!a*'j:"i("
qx`a&'o{`i:"2c*`c="ix"cw1i3'2kw'4"i/'e*"
f&`k.'i:`gu1muak?`e|'e:"qu'a&'ks"l!`*`}1
bz1c=1d='kw"$'l!"k*'bx`d%"e*'e:'c31k*'
bx`kt'e:"i:1/`y'c*`d!ac|`bz1- +`s`gu1f*1
*"2$1au'b%'k*1k%'f+`l!`*`j|`dw"m/"jt1d/"
ow"rv">"o/"d>1o*`a:'kt'd!a4"i/'qx'i:"-
c*`c="ix"2a!"k!"e?'l!'k*"r$"k.'c.`k31kt'
d!ac|`ey1i:1kt'e3'd}`a:"i:1:"qu'a&'-
  k?`k}`$1au'b%'k*1k%'f+`h:"r%1d!ae~'o/"
j!"i:"bz1k&'o{`my1c!aa!"k!"kw"nt"i:1k*"
ix"i:"l!`ey1d!a2dv"j*1f>'gu1rw1m01n>"m!a
j8"dy"- gu"r!1*'f{1$1au'b%'k*1k%'f+`d('
k.'e|'{"kt"h%"i/"ow`y'c*`d!ak}`d%"2j+`s`
e+'gu1d$"a!"e."k&'h3"d!ar("j?1a:'~1f*1
b/'c!aa:1*1-
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 $"i!1m!ad*"*'d}"f*1d%"j:1q/1c+"
b!'o
  7,A7 b%'k*1k%'f+`k.'j|`dw"e3`s`d!aj:1
q/1c+"b!'-
  7,B7 j:1q/1c+"b!'d!ae/"d/"|`b%'k*1k%'
f+`*'."l7"-
  7,C7 b%'k*1k%'f+`rv"j:1q/1c+"b!'i:`6"
c0"e:"d!al!'k*"-
  7,D7 j:1q/1c+"b!'o0"gu"$1i:"b%'k*1k%'
f+`d!akz"r%`f*"dw"qx'v"-
  #b4 n*`/1q>`j&1ou`=1d!1a:'e)"c+"n>`*'
e."k}'|1bz1l!"i:"bz1d!ah:'e4"o
  7,A7 k?"ey1j!"i:"d!ad*"qx'-
  7,B7 b!'jx'd!aey1i:`e/"d/"-
  7,C7 c|`bz1s`d3'~`-
  7,D7 j!"i:"k?"ey1d!ag:"j*1-
  #c4 ou`=1a&'f*1d%"k}'|1b%'k*1k%'f+`d!a
*1c|"i:"i!1m!ao
  7,A7 f>'l!`nz1o/"v'j~1-
  7,B7 f>'d$"gu1muacw1i3'r$"fw"k$"-
  7,C7 f>'r$"ru`nv1kt"h%"-
  7,D7 f>'a:`r$"rv1kw"d}`bz1k|"c*1-

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,D #c4 ,C
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#aa bx1pt'8"d/1
  ,The ,Life-,Givers of the ,Desert3
,Oases throughout the ,World
  ?`jx1hw"i>'m<"a&'d!aiz'my"a:'~133c|"
a('
  q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`et"dy"es'i:"d!aj|'o+1

  by ,Brian ,Foden
  ,Deserts are dry1 desolate places1
with some exceptions3 oases4 ,An oasis
is created by an underground water
source known as an aquifer4 ,Oases may
develop from a water supply such as a
natural spring that bubbles up1 or it
could be the result of man-made wells
that force the water to the surface4
,Some of these wells are ancient and
have been well protected over the years
because they are so val uable to the
existence of crops and other vegetation4
,Strong palm trees are commonly planted
around oases to protect them from
sandstorms that could seriously damage
them4
  ,Since deserts span vast distances1
they have some of the world's largest
supplies of underground water1 and the
biggest desert of all--the ,Sahara1 in
,Africa--is home to about #ij major
oases4 ,Outside of ,Africa1 one
significant oasis in ,Saudi ,Arabia is
,Al-,Qatif1 which is situated along the
,Persian ,Gulf4 ,Thanks to a big
irrigation project completed in #aifd1
,Al-,Qatif has become a major
agricultural area4
  ,Dates1 rice1 fruits1 vegetables1 and
other crops are grown there4 ,Meanwhile1
,Al-,Ahsa ,Oasis1 a ,,UNESCO ,World
,Heritage site containing more than #b.e
million palm trees1 is also in ,Saudi
,Arabia4 ,Stretching about #he square
kilometers1 it was recognized by
,Guinness ,World ,Records as the world's
largest self-contained oasis in ,October
#bjbj4
  ,There are oases outside of ,Africa
and the ,Middle ,East as well4 ,One
oasis outside of the region is
,Huacachina in southern ,Peru4 ,Formed
by a natural current of underground
water1 ,Huacachina is said to be the
only natural oasis in ,South ,America4
  ,The oasis supports a small resort
town of #if residents4 ,The site is a
picturesque lagoon ringed by barren
desert4 ,Unfortunately1 though1 while it
has been declared a national cultural
site1 landowners who have built wells
there have reduced the water levels of
the lagoon4
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 exception n4 c*"7"
  with the exception of''' b/1c!a"""a:'
7"
  .k except for'''
  ? ,In my class1 everyone passed the
exam with the exception of ,Peter4
  hw"3`ov'ix"2a!"j:"d!al%`i:"b/1c!ao*`
d!1a:'7"d!af&1e81d('k*1k!1c!a-
  #b4 existence n4 j=1hw";iz'j=1
  ? ,These ruins testify to the
existence of an ancient civilization4
  a!"e+'q0"e|'az"i:1c!a*'k!"k/`=1my1d!a
j=1hw"-
  #c4 vegetation n4 a:1/"2j%`m/"{h&`bz'o
  ? ,There used to be abundant
vegetation near the lake4
  n>"h3"r/1ot'~1ou`s`ru`d3'a:1o0"-
  #d4 span vt4 {l&'kt'o rz1l9";{i:1kt'o
b:1e|"
  ? ,The ,,US spans about #c1jjj miles
from the ,Atlantic to the ,Pacific4
  m0`k31j&1d>"e*'.1d%"fw"py1.1rz1l9"8'
ev'jt'y'c*`-
  ? ,Tom's acting career spanned #dj
years4
  fx'm/`d!at`~1iz')1b:1e|"c!ae:"i:1nt1-
  #e4 agricultural a4 n&1+"d!a
  ? ,The changeover from an agricultural
to industrial society takes hundreds of
years4
  s1n&1+"i!"r$"a}`ot"a:"k&'+"i!"r$"d!a
k3"bz1r$"q0"i:1i/"ow`nt1a:'ks`-
  #f4 heritage n4 {=1r9",b}1f&`d!ao *1
bv`
  ? ,The ritual is recognized as a
cultural heritage of the country4
  n>"e."*1i:"o0"k&'gu"$1kw'k31d!a*'e."=1
r9"*1bv`-
  #g4 stretch vi4 mt1t12t1iu'
  ? ,That road stretches for hundreds of
kilometers4
  n>"f{1c/"mt1t1r%`k*`ow`k&'c*`-
  #h4 resident n4 k|'m?1
  ? ,There are many foreign residents
living in our neighborhood4
  s`e|`d3'7"k31k|'m?1a/"hw"3`muad!ai!"
j|'-
  #i4 picturesque a4 qz'ky`g/1r9"d!a
  ? ,Vienna is a picturesque city4
  $1+`n>"i:"*'k!"qz'ky`g/1r9"d!abz1i:"-
  #aj4 ring vt4 o%'$12$1a/"{ev'fw"$133
ring1 ringed1 ringed72 i:`my1e.`7ev'fw"
$133 ring1 rang1 rung7
  ? ,The petals of the white roses were
ringed with blue4
  a!"a&`ow1m01k$'d!ar9'ov"7"~1i:"cv1e!"
d!a-
  ? ,I rang the doorbell1 but no one
answered the door4
  3`v"c!amu1cy12dv"m01s`gu1y"mu1-
  #aa4 barren a4 r_'/1d!a2p?1k*1d!a
  fertile a4 q013"d!a
  ? ,The farmer had no success
cultivating the barren fields4
  kw'n&1m?1$"nz1bz1k&'d!ahw"n>"e+'p?1k*1
d!aft1d*"ix"kz'a&"-
  ? ,The farmer made an analysis of the
soil to see if it was fertile4
  a!"my1n&1q/'qu'e*'f/`gx`2lv"lv"f>'i:"
q(`q013"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 bubble up iz'd%"o{`mt"
  ? ,The water in the hot spring bubbles
up from deep underground4
  ='j~1c*`d!ai$`j&1d*"e)"iu'b/"m%"c!ab/'
cw1-
  #b4 be home to''' i:""""d!ad>"ou`y1/
e3`hw"d*"/ q>'~1d*"/ j*'e*1d*"
  ? ,The ocean is home to lots of marine
life4
  d>"rw`i:"e|`d3'rw`.1iz'/"d!ak)'e.'-
  #c4 thanks to''' d3'l$'/ s1|1"""
  ? ,Thanks to ,Elaine's massage1 ,I
feel much better4
  d3'l$'*'ct1ox'3`v"m<123`k81d!ar%`d3'
c!a-
  #d4 recognize ,A as ,B gu"dy" ,A $1 ,B
  ? ,The doctor is recognized as a
pioneer for his new method of therapy4
  n>"my1*'iz'o0"k&'gu"$1j*1e?'c{1q>`d!a
et'j|'-
          33333333333333333333

  {o desolate a4 r_'c.1d!a2r_'/1d!a
  {o aquifer n4 rv1i$`jz12e|"i$`jz1
  {o well n4 ky`
  {o a palm tree h&'c|1i/"
  {o sandstorm n4 i>'bu1o%"
  {o gulf n4 rw`}'
  {o irrigation n4 k}"kw"{k&'bz1o
  {o date n4 +1h%`
  {o self-contained a4 {i:"/"o h:"k*`h:"
h/1d!a/ d/1c*"d!a
  {o current n4 i$`cs1
  {o resort n4 d/"k)"iz"d*"
  {o lagoon n4 e*"r/1
  {o landowner n4 d*"a/`
          33333333333333333333

  i>'m<"i:"k!"kv'h%"s"r_'c.1d!ad*"qx'2
dv"s`*'e+'c*"7"33c|"a('- c|"a('i:"s1o0"
bz'h3"rv1i$`jz1d!ad*"e)"i$`~1ey1bz1d!a-
c|"a('l!`nz1i:"j&1e."i:"h:"gv16`j~1d!a
i$`~1q>'av`:1bz12r3"l!`nz1i:"gu1h%"ky`
k.'i$`o*'b/'d*"o{`d!ak+1k3`- a!"e+'ky`
a&'s`e+'ru`k/`c%`2d3'nt1cw1i("d%"c.1r%`
d!ao%`r/"2?'$"f>'muad$"n&1h3"/"rv"j*1f>'
a:1o0"d!aj=1hw"q0'bx1a&"{"- c|"a('a('$1
f&'bx1a&"s`k+1i:1d!ah&'c|1i/"2*`o%`r/"
f>'muamt`i("l!`nz1t1a&"p<"r7"f>'muad!a
i>'bu1o%"j?'g%`-
  s1|1i>'m<"rz1l9"d!ak|"c*1ru`~`2e3`*`
f>'mua6`s`i:"k+"ix"h$"d>"d!ad*"e)"i$`k&'
y"2:1i:"k+"ix"h$"d>"d!ai>'m<""1q0'a('d!a
e>`r>'c>'i>'m<""1i:"8'ks`i:1h3"d>"c|"a('
d!aou`y1- hw"q0'a('a:'7"d!ad*"qx'2i>'/'
d*">"c>'o<1d!a*'k!"a&"{"c|"a('i:"l>`f*1
q/'2f>'$"|1o<'e:'}'t1v"- d3'l$'*'e."|1
#aifd nt1}1k&'d!ak|"d>"k}"kw"k&'bz1k*"
r9"2l>`f*1q/'*`bz1$1*'k!"a&"{"d!an&1+"
j|'- gu1muar$"hw"n>"c*`a&"a:1+1h%`,i$`
d%",i$`k3`,i/'jw"k*1j*1f>'h3"/"- f&1i:12
r>'e>"c|"a('"1*'k!"6`s`c.`ow`/`i:1d3'}"
l!'h&'c|1i/"d!act1r!1k31k{"l!'=1h/`a:'
i:"k+"*1a:`"1+`$"|1i>'/'d*">"c>'o<1- f>'
mt1t1o>'i:1/`py1qx'k&'c*`h3`s"2|1 #bjbj
nt1i:18"o0"{k?'i:"i:"k+"k*"c/"o gu"dy"$1
i:"k+"ix"h$"d>"d!ah:"k*`h:"h/1c|"a('-
  q0'a('k*1a&'d&'*`7"d!ad*"qx'+`s`c|"
a('- $"|1m*"c/`nv1qx'd!a9`l>`j*1n>"ot"
i:"q0'a('k*1a&'d&'*`7"d!ac|"a('- 9`l>`
j*1n>"c|"a('s1d*"e)"i$`d!ah:"gv1i$`cs1
ey1bz12k|"i3'i:"nv1m0`a('d!a$1*'*'h3"ft'
gv1c|"a('-
  a!"h3"c|"a('k&'k*`a!a*'k!"s1ks`i:1cs"
k!"k|'m?1e3`h/`bz1d!ad/"k)"e{`au"- kw'
d*"i:"*'k!"qz'ky`g/1r9"d!ae*"r/12a('$1
i:"r_'/1d!ai>'m<"- o/"k3"o/"ey"d!a2k?`
k}`f>'o0"c+"$1h:"gv1=1r9"*1a:`2hw"kw'd*"
h%"ky`d!ad*"a/`*`h%"bz1a!"h3"e*"r/1d!a
i$`$"e)"k."-
gggggghggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#ab bx1pt'8"d/1
  ,The ,Life-,Givers of the ,Desert3
,Oases throughout the ,World
  ?`jx1hw"i>'m<"a&'d!aiz'my"a:'~133c|"
a('

  ,Oases have had a strong influence on
the development of society in desert
regions4 ,Aspects of trade as well as
military and political power have all
been impacted by oases4 ,Merchants have
relied on these lush1 fertile zones to
get access to vital water1 food1 and
other supplies on their journeys4
,Historically1 the ,Bahariya
,Oasis--located #cgj kilometers from
,Cairo--is notable4 ,During the time
pharaohs ruled ,Egypt1 this water
reserve was an agricultural center1 and
many trade caravans relied on access to
it4 ,More recently1 tourism has brought
important revenue to the region1 which s
pans more than #b1jjj square kilometers4
  ,History lovers will be fascinated by
the area's history and geographical
features4
  ,In recent years1 more than #ajj
golden mummies were discovered as part
of a tomb system which radar has shown
to include more than #aj1jjj mummies4
,This amazing discovery was made in
#aiif1 when a donkey stumbled into a
hole and the animal's owner saw the face
of a shiny1 golden-colored mummy inside4
,The mummies are near another
significant piece of history3 the
,Temple of ,Alexander the ,Great4
,Visitors to the region can also see
tombs cut out of rock which belonged to
a wealthy family that lived around
#b1ejj years ago4 ,In terms of physical
features1 ,Bahariya is known for its hot
and cold springs and ,Crystal ,Mountain1
which is not really a mountain but
rather large clusters of various types
of crystals4
  ,Sitting in stark contrast to the
harsh1 arid conditions that surround
them1 oases are remarkable4 ,They exist
as fragile yet crucial ecosystems that
still fulfill important roles1 providing
significant agricultural1 tourism1 and
life-giving benefits to many regions4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 ,Which of the following is ,,NOT
mentioned in the passage8
  7,A7 ,What benefits oases can bring to
a region4
  7,B7 ,Where the smallest oasis in the
world is4
  7,C7 ,How oases may be protected4
  7,D7 ,Why oases are crucial in
deserts4
  #b4 ,According to the passage1 what
happened in the mid-#aifjs8
  7,A7 ,Over two million palm trees were
planted around an oasis4
  7,B7 ,An oasis in ,Saudi ,Arabia
received a special designation4
  7,C7 ,A major project helped an oasis
grow more food4
  7,D7 ,An amazing discovery of mummies
was made4
  #c4 ,Why have oases been influential
regarding trade8
  7,A7 ,Oases provide advantages for
military and political leaders4
  7,B7 ,Oases attract a lot of tourists
to see the remarkable sites4
  7,C7 ,There are often important
historical spots near oases4
  7,D7 ,Merchants go there to get
supplies of food and water4
  #d4 ,Jacob wants to find some
information related to the ,Bahariya
,Oasis4 ,Which of the following keywords
would he most likely use on the search
engine8
  7,A7 the largest oasis1 irrigation1
agriculture1 world heritage1 ,Saudi
,Arabia
  7,B7 oasis1 resort1 ,Crystal
,Mountain1 underground water1 ,South
,America
  7,C7 the largest oasis1 lagoon1 trade1
,Alexander the ,Great1 ,Cairo
  7,D7 oasis1 donkey1 mummy1 pharaoh1
tourism1 crystal1 ,Egypt
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 lush a4 c|"*"x"gv1d!a
  ? ,I live in a small village
surrounded by lush hills4
  3`a/"hw"jy'iv'r}1g%"d!a*'h3"e{`j='a_'
c*`-
  #b4 historically adv4 c*"i:`ix"
  ? ,Philadelphia is a historically
important city as well as a very
interesting one4
  q0"bz1i:"k!"c*"i:`a&"au"2+`i:"k!"q0'
bx1s`j|"d!abz1i:"-
  #c4 notable a4 a:1d!1a/"*"d!a2et`a/"
d!a
  ? ,The president's most notable
achievement was creating a universal
health care system4
  n>"$"h&`f&`h$"et`a/"d!abz1ks"ks"i:"b_"
i!"c!aj~1k31kt"o%`f*`a:"-
  #d4 revenue n4 {az"q/`,k&'e:'d!ao jw1
az"i('g/"
  ? ,A small percentage of the company's
revenue was donated to charity4
  kw'k&'e:'k~'b/'*'e{`o/"qu"d!ai('g/"k0`
j:1iv"i:"+"-
  #e4 stumble vi4 ov"d%`
  ? ,While running on the beach1 ,Sam
stumbled over a log and sprained his
ankle4
  iv'm/`hw"i>'fv'ix"p%`o/"i:1o0"*'l7"m/"
f(1ov"d%`2ns`ix'c!ak{`r9"-
  #f4 cluster n4 *'j/"/ j41/ f}1/ b}"
  ? ,A cluster of people stood in
protest outside ,City ,Hall4
  *'j41gu1av"hw"i:"az"fy'7"lx"*"-
  #g4 arid a4 {f/`d*"r3"j*"r("o kv'h%"
d!a
  ? ,Many people starve in arid climates
because there isn't enough rainfall to
grow crops4
  e|`d3'gu1?'kv'rv"j*"r(":1w'!"2?'$"m01
s`h/1k("d!ak."|`l!`*`a&"a:1h3"/"-
  #h4 fragile a4 j$"g3"d!a
  ? ,The fragile flowers only bloom one
week a year4
  a!"a&`k{'g3"d!ar9'd3`m0`nt1d!ar9'j*1
a:`s`*'a('-
  #i4 crucial a4 a:"k}'a&"{"d!a
  be crucial to''' d$""""i:"o/"l!`r3"j8'
d!a
  ? ,Judy's dedication to the company
was crucial to our success4
  a/'d*"d$"k&'e:'d!aqz"et"d$"3`muad!abz1
k&'cw1i3'k*1$1a&"{"-
  #aj4 fulfill vt4 c|`ey12a:1ey1
  ? ,Nick is fulfilling his compulsory
military service4
  n*1l!"az"hw"q/1*"/"*"-
  compulsory a4 *"/"d!a
  #aa4 designation n4 bz'r%";my1bz'
  ? ,Mr4 ,Johnson's designation in our
company is ,Sales ,Manager4
  j.1eu'et'iz'hw"3`muak&'e:'d!af(1et1i:"
+"/"ky'c*`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 have an influence on''' d$""""s`y`
e.`
  ? ,Your behavior will have an
influence on what your children will do
in the future4
  n*`d!aey1$1k.'r$"d$"rw1h:ag:"r("d!ae3`
h3"e3`$1h%"bz1y`e.`-
  #b4 rely on''' *'cw"/ *'l%""""
  .k depend on'''
  .k count on'''
  ? ,The man had to rely on his mother
to pay off his debts4
  kw'my1nv1h:`o*"e|'l%"m/`j?'f*"f>'rw1
jy'aw"/"-
  #c4 be fascinated by/ with''' o0""""
iu'iu'e*'?`
  fascinate vt4 iu'iu'e*'?`2m*1a/"
  ? ,We were fascinated by the beauty of
the sunset in the mountains4
  3`muao0"iv'a&'d!ae*".1m0`ky`e3`e*'?`-
  #d4 belong to''' i/`|1"""
  ? ,This castle once belonged to a
noble family in the ,Middle ,Ages4
  a!"h3"bz1o%`jz1$"a&'i:"k*"d!a*'k!"k$"
h/1k)'fy1e3`s`-
  #e4 in terms of''' ks"""":1t1
  ? ,The film is a huge success in terms
of the box office4
  ks"p{"qx1:1t12a!"o/"y`pt"k*1$1bz1k&'-
  #f4 in stark contrast to''' |`"""bz1
et'my1d$"o*`
  stark a4 my1et`d!a
  ? ,The vast amount spent on defense is
in stark contrast to the little that is
spent on education4
  r9'q0"hw"k31qx1ix"d!ad>"o*`ky'q0"rv"
r9'hw"k{"|"ix"d!ai%`e|`ky'q0"bz1c!aet'
my1d$"o*`-
          33333333333333333333

  {o merchant n4 {a}'a:`j&1i:"d>"p*'r3"
/"mw`mw"d!ao ix'gu1;p*'q>'ix'
  {o pharaoh n4 q>`c%`{k/`w'k*1k31_1o
  {o reserve n4 o%`r/"j|'2o%`cs1d*"
  {o caravan n4 {dw"a!aiz'l(`,b!'c."dz`
b}'8"i>'m<"dz`d*"dw"d!ao c|`ey1d$"
  {o geographical a4 d*"c*`d!a
  {o mummy n4 m/"nw`*'
  {o tomb n4 qu1m/"
  {o radar n4 c01d>1
  {o crystal n4 i$`ky'
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  oases n4 c|"a('{$1 oasis d!aq/"i/"ey1o
  ? ,The city of ,Las ,Vegas was built
on an oasis4
  c>'e:'$1k)'e:'i:"kt"hw"c|"a('a:'ix"-

----------------------------------------
  my1j:1h:"$`$1 -sis d!aq/"i/"ey1f&'bx1
$1 -ses1 bx1kt"dv'h:"g/1e)"33
  a4 analysis 33o analyses qu'e*'
  ? ,All laboratory analyses must be
made available to the professor by ,Fri
day4
  e3`s`d!ai:1t"i:"qu'e*'k+1k3`d('d0`hw"
a('/`jt1f*1k&'k0`kw'k{"i("-
  b4 basis 33o bases k*'b/`
  ? ,We should treat all people on the
basis of equality4
  3`muay'*`py1dz`d!ak*'b/`d$"dw"e3`s`d!a
gu1-
  c4 crisis 33o crises $1k*'
  ? ,Many humanitarian crises in the
world have yet to be addressed4
  i:"k+"ix"s`e|`d3'gu1d%"$1k*'gz1s`dw"
k+`k81-
  d4 diagnosis
  33o diagnoses au`d}"
  ? ,The two doctors offered different
diagnoses of the problem4
  c.`$"*'i:'au'd$"kw'k*1oy"f*1k&'o/"f&1
d!aau`d}"-
  e4 emphasis
  33o emphases j.1d{"
  ? ,The manager puts great emphasis on
the efficient use of energy4
  kw'ky'c*`k*1$1j.1d{"nz1~1d!as`e{"c*"
6"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  trade n4 mw`mw"2k{'*"2m%"*"
  ? ,About #ej`0 of the country's trade
is with ,Japan4
  kw'k31d!am%"*"8's` #ej`0 i:"|`g:"ou`
k?"ey1d!a-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" trade h3"my1j:1d!aj*1f>'*"
e:'k*1bx1kt"6"q>`33
  a4 o{`;-/"p?`d!ak{'r}"-2-
  ? ,My brother made a trade with me1 my
laptop for his tablet4
  3`k!'6"f>'d!apy1ov`dt"n%`cw1r}"3`d!a
o*`dt"-
  b4 o{`;-rx1+"-22e|'|`dy"k}"j:1 the oy"
6"-
  ? ,Tony has worked in the car repair
trade for #cj years4
  d&'n*1hw"es'b!'+"*`s`ev'i:1nt1-
  c4 o{`;-{s1a:`e|'{"f!"i/'k*"i/"rv"i(`
k&'c%1d&"d!ao a:1+"-2-
  by trade dx"h3"a:1+"
  ? ,Jack used to be a builder by trade4
  k+1l!"*`jt1jz1i:"my1kt"a/1k&'gu1-
  d4 the tricks of the trade
  {m(`*'rx1+"r3"r31d&"d!ao mu1d%"/ k81
r31/ k81a%'
  ? ,When it comes to sales1 ,Simon
knows all the tricks of the trade4
  f*1d%"e{'i("2ew"mu1i/1e*'e3`s`d!amu1
d%"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  """ ,Al-,Qatif1 which is situated
along the ,Persian ,Gulf4
  ''' a tomb system which radar has
shown to include more than #aj1jjj
mummies4
  q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`et"dy"es'i:"d!aj|'o+1
  {o q0'et"dy"es'i:"{g/1d*"*'k|"6"q>`o33
  a}'s`my1j:1 7g/1 ,Ed1 ,Ann1 ,Taipei7
r3"d/1*'ey"my1j:1{g/1 father k*1 mother1
?'q/"j?'r3"m/`j?'f&'bx1a:`s`*'k!"o a:'
r("k+'k}'e*"dw"my1j:1?`d%`d!aey1g&1j:1
h:`k|"i:12kw'k}'e*"dw"my1j:1a:'jt1*'dy"
{"a:"d("dt`2j:`i:1kw'ey1g&1j:1h:`k|"ks"
bz'$1q0'et"dy"es'i:"|`;{"a/"*"d!ai:"2hw"
q0'et"dy"es'i:"6"q>`a&'2k}'e*"dw"my1j:1
who1 whom k*1 which o/"l!`6" that dw"
f*"-
  ? ,Danny is afraid of his father1 who
is very strict4
  dv'n*1ru`p>"f>'o>"2f>'o>"i:"ru`t1k!1
d!agu1-
  {o et"dy"es'i:"{g/1d*":"k|"6"q>`o33
  *'ov'my1j:1g3"o/"k|"f!"i/'ey"2l!`6"ey1
g&1j:1h:`k|"k)'*`et"dy"es'i:"2*`k)'j.1
j*1f!"i/'ey"2l!`*"bz1;-"""d!a-22j:`i:1
k}'e*"dw"my1j:1jt1o/"a:"d("dt`-
  ? ,Al is the person whom ,I enjoy
working with the most4
  w":`i:"3`h$"e*`r}'k&"i:"d!agu1-
  {o g3"*'ov'my1j:1jt1*`s`ey1g&1j:1k)'*`
es'i:":1k|"s`f!"i/'ey"2g/1 a good person
{r%`gu1o, a great man {$`gu1o dz`2r3"kw'
my1j:1ou`iu'ks"k|"s`f!"i/'ey"2g/1
gentleman {iu'i:"2k4'h:`o, rascal {cs1
mx1o dz`2h!1kw'my1j:1a:'r("d!aey1g&1j:1
h:`k|"l!`6"q0'et"dy"es'i:"2*`kt`d*'kw'
h:`k|"d!aa&"{"ey"2*"l!`jw`et"dy"es'i:"2
*`hz'k)'o0"es'i:"d!amy1j:1a:'f!"i/'ey"-

----------------------------------------
  ky'e~`i:"f*1
  ,One of the tourist attractions in
,Egypt is the ,Nile ,River ---- is the
longest river in the world4
  7,A7 that  7,B7 which
  7,C71 that 7,D71 which

   d>1v"33 ,D
          33333333333333333333

  c|"a('d$"|1i>'m<"d*"j|'d!ai!"r$"q>'av`
s`a!ak*1d>"d!ay`e.`c*"- m%"*"rv"k4'i:"
k*1az"j~1qx'mt"j~1d('iu'i("c|"a('y`e.`-
ix'gu1mua.`cw"a!"e+'qv1m%",q013"d!ad*"
j|'2hw"c|`f/1a&'r3"d!1a&"{"d!ai$`,i:1/"
k*1j*1f>'o*"e|'p?`- hw"c*"i:`ix"?`gu1a/"
m/"d!ai:"$"|1k|"lw'c31ev'ow`j*'i:1k&'c*`
b/"d!ao>'r>'c*")"c|"a('- hw"q>`c%`f&`a:"
w'k*1j*1kt'2a!"k!"b/1i$`j|'i:"*'k!"n&1+"
a&'e?'2e|`d3'ix'd$"d('.`cw"f>'- hw"kz"
k?"j*12k}'k_'+"$"a!"k!"rv1kw"c.`jt'd3'
py1qx'k&'c*`d!ad*"j|'dw"cw1a&"{"i('g/"-
  c*"i:`w"r%"a!`r$"o0"a!"*'j|'d!ac*"i:`
k*1d*"c*`f!"az'iu'iu'e*'?`- k?"nt1cw12
gu1muaq>'et"c!a*'ow`d3'k|"r_1k?'m/"nw`
*'2a!"i:"m(`qu1m/"e*"f&`d!a*'o/"qu"2:1
c01d>1et`i:"kw'e*"f&`o%'rv1c!a*'}"d3'k|"
m/"nw`*'-
  a!"e."ky'gu1q>'et"q>'iz'|1 #aiif nt12
dx'i:1s`*'p*'c|1ov"c!a*'k{'d+1k?"c!a*'
k!"d&"c*`2c|1e:"a/`lv"d%"c*`f(1*'k|"iv`
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gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#ac i:1c*"j!"t"

  q/"e*1qv"$133 #c/#a--#c/#ab

  jy`ku'k|"k|"*"rv"=1q>`e~`b/'*'k!"h$"
az"j8"d!ad>1v"-
  #a4 ,Joan looked ---- at her cat ,Milo
as he greeted her by rubbing his head
against her ankles4 7#c/#a7
  7,A7 verbally     7,B7 effectively
  7,C7 tremendously 7,D7 affectionately
   #b4 ,Everyone in the office ----
,Bobby when he suddenly stood up and let
out a loud scream4 7#c/#b7
  7,A7 carried out 7,B7 stared at
  7,C7 heard about 7,D7 let down
   #c4 ,The emperor ordered his people
to build a great ---- on the north side
of his land to keep out enemies4 7#c/#c7
  7,A7 gallery 7,B7 ministry
  7,C7 barrier 7,D7 souvenir
   #d4 ,This medical procedure is not
----1 like drawing blood4 ,It won't
create a break in the skin4 7#c/#d7
  7,A7 invasive 7,B7 profitable
  7,C7 obedient 7,D7 habitual
   #e4 ,Using respectable fact-checking
sites is a good way to help you ----
between real and fake news4 7#c/#e7
  7,A7 browse        7,B7 socialize
  7,C7 differentiate 7,D7 negotiate
  #f4 ,Sadly1 the country pursued fast
economic development ---- its
environment and people's health4 7#c/#h7
  7,A7 at the sacrifice of
  7,B7 as a means of
  7,C7 with regard to
  7,D7 in contrast to
  #g4 ,With a convenience store on ----
every street corner1 it's easy to get
what you need in the city4 7#c/#i7
  7,A7 initially  7,B7 eventually
  7,C7 constantly 7,D7 practically
  #h4 ,In order to decrease production
costs1 the company decided to ---- some
of its workers with robots4 7#c/#aj7
  7,A7 promise 7,B7 absorb
  7,C7 replace 7,D7 imitate
  #i4 ,With the ---- of ,Jeff1 the whole
class will be going to the city zoo on
,Saturday4 7#c/#aa7
  7,A7 regulation 7,B7 exception
  7,C7 sensation  7,D7 identification
  #aj4 ,Believe it or not1 ,Ireland
scored the ---- goal in the very last
minute of the game and tied with
,Germany4 7#c/ #ab7
  7,A7 desperate 7,B7 abundant
  7,C7 crucial   7,D7 extensive

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,D #b4 ,B #c4 ,C #d4 ,A
#e4 ,C #f4 ,A #g4 ,D #h4 ,C #i4 ,B #aj4
,C
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#ae pt'ax'k+1k("
  ,Valuing and ,Protecting the ,Great
,Outdoors ,,LNT3
  6`o%"/1ru1iv'c?1

  by ,Lauren ,Mc,Carthy
  ,Anyone that is keen on getting out
into nature knows that the pristine1
untouched beauty of the outdoors will
only remain that way if people respect
the environments they visit4 ,To ensure
that this happens1 the ,Leave ,No ,Trace
,Center for ,Outdoor ,Ethics has come up
with a framework of seven principles for
people to follow4 ,These principles can
be applied whether one is hiking to a
remote campsite or enjoying a local
park4
  7#a---7 ,While most relate to correct
behavior for when people are outdoors1
the first principle is about planning
ahead4 ,Before you head out on an
adventure1 preparation is essential4
7#b---7 ,A little research will also
give you a basic understanding of the
environment you'll visit4
  ,The other rules to follow when you
are outdoors are quite simple4 ,You
should always walk on proper trails and
stay at marked campsites4 7#c---7 ,Of
course1 this means trash like plastic
bags and bottles1 but it also includes
leftovers and food scraps4 ,Further1
when you leave a nature area1 you should
leave what you find4 7#d---7
  ,You should also minimize campfires4
,It is actually best to carry a portable
stove when you go camping4 ,If you are
making fires 7and if they are even
allowed71 it is vital that you make sure
the fire is out before you leave4 ,The
last two principles are about respect
and consideration4 7#e---7 ,Finally1 be
courteous towards anyone else you meet
and think of how your actions may affect
others that are enjoying the outdoors
alongside you4
  7,A7 ,Adequate planning helps keep you
and your group safe4
  7,B7 ,Respect any wildlife in the
area2 you're in their home4
  7,C7 ,That is1 don't take anything
from the trail like flowers or rocks
with you4
  7,D7 ,Everything you bring with you
into an area needs to be brought back
out4
  7,E7 ,It provides education
opportunities1 so every person who goes
outside can enjoy the world responsibly4
  7,F7 ,The ,Leave ,No ,Trace principles
offer guidelines for how people can
leave a minimal impact in the areas they
explore4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 d*"*'f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,F7
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"a/`f*1
k|"d!aax`3"2l&"k!1r("k+'hw"i3'my1j&1i:"
r/"7"r31d&"i:1y'kw'h!`m!ah3"jw1az"j8"2
l!`f$'j!"l&"k!1y'f*1k*1j&1i:"r/"7"r31d&"
d!a~1h!1k*1m/"d*"-
  b4 e~`e." 7,F7 o{`i:"2/1ru1~1h!1f*1k&'
qx'au'a:`d%`gu1muag/1r!1hw"f>'muae3`fv"
e3`d!ad*"j|'a&'cs1e)"h$"e{`d!ab&'k*12|`
*"ct1k}"2j+`l&"k!1r("f*1k*1d!a the first
principle {d*"*'k!"~1h!1o a:`d!ak*1i:"
e~`e."a&' ,The ,Leave ,No ,Trace
principles {/1ru1~1h!1o a&'d!ad*"*'k!"~1
h!12l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,F74

  h:"j:1o/`b&'
  a4 guideline n4 a:`d%`qx'au'
  b4 minimal a4 h$"e{`d!a2h$"i%`d!a
  ? ,The house survived the fire with
only minimal damage4
  a!"d&"qx1h:ahw"r3`hw'a&'o%`cs1c!ae)"
cw12a:`i("d%"k*1e{`d!ae=`rw"-
  c4 impact n4 y`e.`{|`k+"j:1 on oy"6"o
  ? ,My friend ,Leo has made a positive
impact on my life4
  3`d!apz1s`c*`('d$"3`d!agu1iz's`az"mt"
d!ay`e.`-
  d4 explore vt4 fv"e3`
  ? ,Emma took her backpack and went to
explore the desert by herself4
  w"m>`dw"a!af>'d!ao0"o%'d/1h:"j|"fv"e3`
i>'m<"-
  #b4 d*":"f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,A7
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"q>'
av`d!aax`3"2l&"k!1jt1*'k|"f*1d%"2b/'q>'
j|"m%"et`jt12a=`o0"k&'h3"k*1j*1a&"{"2l!`
f$'j!"l&"k!1y'k?"*'o/"i3'my1j*1$"r!1a&"
{"-
  b4 e~`e." 7,A7 o{`i:"2b&'qu"d!ak*"r9"
s`a/"|1j8"o%`n*`rv"f}1d$"d!av'j~12|`*"
ct1k}"2j+`l&"k!1jt1*'k|"d!a preparation
{a=`o0"k&'h3"o |`e~`e."a&'d!a ,Adequate
planning {b&'qu"d!ak*"r9"o r/"e.'r/'y"2
l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74
  #c4 d*"ev'f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,D7
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"ct1
k}"ey"d!aax`3"2l&"k!1r("*'k|"f*1d%"2a!"
*"$"a!a{"dw"h(`e."i:"e/"k{'dw"rv"py1h:a
dz`c!"e!"2l!`a:'l&"k!1y'f*1k*1cy"*'k!"|`
dw"h(`d&'e*ae.'k}'d!a~1h!1-
  b4 e~`e." 7,D7 o{`i:"2n*`e*'dw"a:"kw'
d*"j|'d!ae3`s`d&'e*ad('o*"e|'dw"h(`2|`*"
ct1k}"2j+`l&"k!1r("*'k|"d!adw"my1j:1
this a:`d!ak*1i:"e~`e."f*1k*1d!an*`e*'
dw"a:"kw'd*"j|'d!ae3`s`d&'e*a2l!`a:'d>1
v"y'e~` 7,D74
  #d4 d*"e:"f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,C7
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"q>'
av`d!aax`3"2l&"k!1jt1*'k|"f*1d%"2dx'n*`
c*1lw'h:"gv1j|'|"i:12y'kw'o%`b:1r}1ky"~1
s`d!aqz'm%"2l!`a:'l&"k!1y'k?"*'o/"i3'my1
kw'g/1r!1o%`b:1r}1ky"~1s`qz'm%"-
  b4 e~`e." 7,C7 o{`i:"2+`ks"i:"i3'2o/"
{"dw"h(`o/"d%"ix"e."i:"r9'd3`r3"i:1f(1
dz`gu"r!1d&'e*a2|`*"ct1k}"2j+`e~`e."a&'
d!a don't take anything from the trail
{o/"{"dw"h(`o/"d%"ix"d!agu"r!1d&'e*ao |`
jt1*'k|"d!a leave what you find {cs1e)"
n*`q>'et"d!a2*"k*1o%`b:1r}1ky"~1s`qz'
m%"o r/"e.'r/'y"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,C74
  #e4 d*"/`f*1l&"k!1y'e~` 7,B7
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`l&"k!1hw"j!"i:"d$"d}"c3"|`*"q>'
av`d!aax`3"2l&"k!1jt1*'k|"a:`b/'/1ru1iv'
c?1h$"r("c.`k!"~1h!1i:"k}'|1h='a&"rv"f*`
f+'2l!`f$'j!"l&"k!1y'f*1k*1|`h='a&"rv"
f*`f+'e.'k}'d!aey1$1-
  b4 e~`e." 7,B7 o{`i:"2h='a&"kw'd*"j|'
d!agu"r!1+`iz'd&"/";n*`i:"hw"f>'muad!a
k)'~12|`*"ct1k}"2j+`e~`e."k*1l&"k!1jt1*'
k|"k+'f*1k*1 respect {h='a&"o2l!`a:'d>1
v"y'e~` 7,B74

  h:"j:1o/`b&'
  wildlife n4 +`iz'd&"/"
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 untouched a4 }1r%`g/1b/'d!a2m01o0"
d&"k3"d!a
  ? ,The food ,Lynn prepared for the
stray dog was left untouched4
  c?1u'$"n>"a:'cs1cx"k(`a=`o0"d!ai:1/"
m01o0"d&"k3"-
  #b4 ensure vt4 j8"o%`
  ? ,We need to ensure that the bag is
airtight4
  3`mua{"j8"o%`n>"k!"dw"h:ai:"m*"qz'd!a-
  #c4 essential a4 k81d$"a&"{"d!a;o*"o/"
l!`i%`d!a
  ? ,Trust is essential in a marriage4
  hw"r='?'a&'2e?"gu"i:"o/"l!`r3"j8'd!a{"
e/"-
  #d4 minimize vt4 o>`"""k."a:"h$"d*'bz1
d/"
  ? ,You should diversify your
investment portfolio to minimize risks4
  n*`d!af(1h:'h/`r!1y'kw'd3'~1r9"2jw1nz1
o>`qz'et`k."a:"h$"d*'bz1d/"-
  portfolio n4 f(1h:'h/`r!1
  #e4 portable a4 l!`e*'i:"d!a2i(`f*1i:"
d!a
  ? ,Dan usually listens to the weather
report on his portable radio when he is
out camping4
  >"dv'hw"b/'7"c/"y1i:1f&'bx1r$"6"i(`f*1
i('?'k*'i('fy'ft'j*"|"o%"-
  #f4 vital a4 a&"{"d!a
  ? ,The heart is one of the most vital
organs in the human body4
  e?'hx"i:"gu1f*`h$"a&"{"d!aj*"k}'a:'*'-
  #g4 courteous a4 s`c*`m%"d!a
  ? ,Al is a nice person and is
courteous even to people who are rude4
  w":`gu1ru`r%`2iu"a:"d$"mx`a_"d!ak)'r3`
gz1*`c*`dw"a:'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 head out b/'q>'
  ? ,The rain is starting to let up1 so
we can head out now4
  |`i:"lw'i:`ot"e{`c!a2e3`*`et"hw"3`mua
l!`*`b/'q>'c!a-
  #b4 leave what sb finds o%`b:1~1m%"
  ? ,You should always leave what you
find whenever you go out in nature4
  n*`m0`j:"d%"d>"h:"gv1c*`i:12d('y'kw'
o%`b:1dx'd*"~1m%"-
  #c4 make a fire iz'r3`
  ? ,Dad made a fire when we got to the
site4
  3`muad%"d>1n>"k!"bx`d*"i:12o>"o>"iz'
c!ar3`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  environment n4 h:"gv1r}1ky"
  ? ,Gary cycles to work every day
because he wants to be green and help
the environment4
  kw"g$"m0`ft'd('j*1dv'b!'j|"ix"ov'2?'$"
f>'e.`iv"k?"r}1o%`,d$"r}1ky"h3"s`*"d!a
i:"-

----------------------------------------
  environment b/1c!aa:`;-h:"gv1r}1ky"-2
7"2rw1l!`a:`j*1f>'o/"f&1r}1ky"2k+"i%"g/1
e)"33
  a4 a:`;-iz'r31r}1ky"-2-
  ? ,People who don't adapt to new
environments tend to have a great deal
of difficulty in life4
  o/"nz1i:"y"e?'r}1ky"d!agu1_`_`r$"hw"
iz'r31a&'h%'|"ru`d3'l="nv1-
  b4 a:`;-k&'h3"r}1ky"-2-
  ? ,If a company fails to provide a
safe environment for its employees1 it
will be fined4
  *'kt'k&'e:'g/1k3`o/"nz1$"~1k&'f*1k&'v'
j~1d!ak&'h3"r}1ky"2ks"r$"o0"q>1l}`-
  *`e)"k+"i%"j*1f>'|`;-{h:"gv1o r}1ky"-2
e.'k}'d!adv'h:"33
  c4 surroundings a:`;-a/"b/";e:"a('r}1
ky"-22rz16"q/"i/"-
  ? ,I don't like urban surroundings1 so
,I moved to the countryside six months
ago4
  3`o/"e*`r}'d/'i:"d!ar}1ky"2e3`*`ov"nt1
jt1ks"ov'd%"e.'e)"j|"c!a-
  d4 circumstance a:`;-l!"k}'r}1ky"-22
g/133 a victim of circumstance {l!"k}'
r}1ky"d!ae*'iz'a!`o;+`l!`*`o{`;-jy1ey1,
jy1l_"-22bx16"q/"i/"2j+`|`k+"j:1 under
oy"6"-
  ? ,Don't tell others the secret under
any circumstances4
  hw"gu"r!1jy1l_"e)"d('o/"{"k%"e/"o+1gu1
a!"k!"m*"m*"-
  e4 ecology o{`;-iz'fw"r}1ky"-2-
  ? ,Plans to build a nuclear plant
could endanger the delicate ecology of
this area4
  r!1dt"bx`d!aey'kt"k*"r9"l!`nz1r$"$1rw"
kw'j|'j$"g3"d!aiz'fw"r}1ky"-
  f4 ecosystem a:`;-iz'fw"e*"f&`-2-
  ? ,The ,Amazon is home to more plants
and animals than any other ecosystem on
the planet4
  j*'e*1hw")"m>`e4"r!1cs1|"d!ad&"a:1/"
o*`hw"i:"ix"j*1f>'iz'fw"e*"f&`d!ad('rw1
d3'-
  g4 habitat a:`;-d&"a:1/"d!ah:"gv1j*'
e*1d*"-2-
  ? ,All of us must do our part to
preserve the natural habitat of those
butterflies4
  3`muam0`k!"gu1d('kw'iv"k?"ou`qu"o%`r/"
n>"e+'r/1d+1d!ah:"gv1j*'e*1d*"-
          33333333333333333333

  {o the great outdoors +`7"2d>"h:"gv1
  {o pristine a4 ~1i:`d!a;b=1p/1d!a
  {o ethics n4 d%"d!1o{'a=`{rz16"q/"i/"o
  {o framework n4 a=`h!12jv'a%"o{'a=`
  {o leftovers n4 iz"jw"iz"qv"{rz16"q/"
i/"o
  {o scraps n4 b/1|12i:1/"jv1a>'{rz16"
q/"i/"o
  {o alongside prep4 {|`"""o *'j*`/ f&1
i:1
          33333333333333333333

  ,,LNT3 6`o%"/1ru1iv'c?1
  gu"r!1g!"w"h(`k?"d>"h:"gv1d!agu1d('a:'
d%"2a:`s`dx'gu1muah='a&"e3`h%"qx`d!ar}1
ky"i:12~1i:`:1$"i("p<"r7"d!ar/"7"m0`ky`
jw1r$"o0"o%`cs1e)"cw1- $"c!aj8"o%`a!"a&`
jy1l_"2/1ru1iv'c?1r/"7"d%"d!1a&'e?'e.`
b/'c!a*'k!"s1j*'k!"~1h!1h/`bz1d!aa=`h!1
*`k&'gu1muah='e41- /1c="i:"kt"ey1a:"pt'
~`d!ac/"y1d*"2r3"i:"hw"dx'd*"d!ak&'~1e.`
i("r/"7"i:1k_'2d('l!`*`y"6"a!"e+'~1h!1-
  /1ru1~1h!1f*1k&'qx'au'a:`d%`gu1muag/1
r!1hw"f>'muae3`fv"e3`d!ad*"j|'a&'cs1e)"
h$"e{`d!ab&'k*1- k?`k}`d>"d3'i/"~1h!1|`
gu1muahw"r/"7"r31d&"i:1d!aaz"j8"ey1$1s`
k}'2d*"*'k!"~1h!1i:"k}'|1f*1jt1k*"r9"-
hw"n*`b/'q>'j|"m%"et`a:'jt12a=`o0"k&'h3"
k*1j*1a&"{"- b&'qu"d!ak*"r9"s`a/"|1j8"
o%`n*`r!1f}1d$"d!av'j~1- k?"ey1*'dt`t1
ks"+`l!`*`gx"n*`d$"k*1k.'{"h%"qx`d!ar}1
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#e4 ,B
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#af =1e81}"r9'f&`
  ,The ,Evils of ,Wealth ,Haunt ,The
,Pearl
  {au'a/'o33jw1m*1e?'j{"d!ao0'k|"
  s1*1="j:1?`d%`d!amy1j:1h:`k|"a:'ey1bz1
k*16"q>`

  by ,Jamie ,Blackler
  ,Kino is a poor1 ,Mexican pearl
fisherman living in ,California4 ,His
wife1 ,J uana1 recently gave birth to
their infant son1 ,Coyotito4 ,Together1
they enjoy a happy but simple life4 ,One
day1 tragedy strikes when ,Coyotito gets
stung by a scorpion4 ,Kino and ,Juana
rush him to a local doctor1 but he
refuses to treat the child because he's
racist and believes the couple will not
be able to compensate him4 ,Later1 ,Kino
brings ,Juana and ,Coyotito with him as
he goes diving for pearls4 ,To treat
,Coyotito's wound1 ,Juana covers the
scorpion sting with seaweed4 ,Kino
discovers a gigantic oyster at the
bottom of the ocean4 ,He opens it and is
astonished to find an enormous pearl4
  ,Moments later1 ,Juana checks
,Coyotito's wound and sees that it has
magically healed4
  ,Kino dreams of how wealthy he'll
become after selling the pearl4 ,He even
goes so far as to make a list of how he
intends to spend the money4 ,His top
priorities include marrying ,Juana at a
church and sending his son to a good
school4
  ,Meanwhile1 the greedy doctor
discovers where ,Kino is hiding the
pearl and tries to cheat him4 ,He sends
a thief to steal the pearl1 but ,Kino
fights the intruder off4 ,After this eve
nt1 ,Juana has a change of heart4 ,She's
convinced that finding the pearl was bad
luck1 and she wants to get rid of it
immediately4
  ,The next evening1 ,Juana decides to
toss the pearl back into the sea4 ,Kino
discovers her plan and beats her badly4
,Shortly after1 a group of men assault
,Kino and attempt to take the pearl4
,Kino accidentally kills one man during
the scuffle4 ,To escape jail1 ,Kino and
,Juana hatch a plan to sail far away and
restart their life in another town with
,Coyotito4
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 haunt vt4 {bx1j*1o bv1g%`/ l="g%`
  ? ,The actor has been haunted by the
scandal that he was involved in years
ago4
  n>"my1t`~1*'a:1o0"f>'d3'nt1jt1k~`g/"
d!ab(`=1bv1g%`-
  #b4 strike vi4 f/1gv1q>'iz' ev'fw"$133
strike1 struck1 struck4
  ? ,Disaster often strikes when you
least expect it4
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r("f/1gv1q>'iz'-
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  ? ,The authorities promised to
compensate the victims of the flood for
their property losses4
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jw1bv`e=`i:'-
  #d4 gigantic a4 k|"d>"d!a2px1d>"d!a
  .k enormous a4
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of his clothes4
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d!ae3`s`*'/"-
  #e4 astonished a4 b:'ky'd!a2ky')"d!a
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rude behavior this morning4
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kv`d%"ky')"-
  #f4 intend vt4 k*"r9"2d>`e}"
  intend to ,V d>`e}"{""""
  ? ,What do you intend to do about the
project8
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  #g4 priority n4 s'et'd!ai:"/"
  a top priority d*"*'s'et'2h$"a&"{"d!a
i:"
  ? ,Taking good care of her family
business is ,Diana's top priority now4
  r%`r%`ky'y1k)'h/1iz'*"i:"dw"v'n>"m/"
jt1d!ad*"*'{"i:"-
  #h4 intruder n4 q0'q>`b_`g/"a!`{bx1a:`
e{`f('o
  ? ,Zoe confronted the intruder who
broke into her house4
  g(1*'d$"lx"q0'q>`b_`g/"f>'k)'d!agu1-
  #i4 convinced a4 j8"e?"d!a
  ? ,Cameron is firmly convinced that
all men are born equal4
  l>`mw"c=1kt'e?"gu1gu1iz':1py1dz`-
  #aj4 toss vt4 gz'2a:12p%'
  ? ,The naughty boy tossed a rock at my
window4
  n>"k!"}1p*1d!anv1rw1b%1a!a3`d!ab_'r/"
gz'i:1f(1-
  #aa4 assault vt4 e*1k*12k&'k*1
  ? ,The cruel man assaulted his victim
with a rifle4
  n>"k!"jv1gu`d!anv1h:`6"o/"j.'e*1k*1n>"
my1i("rw"a!`-
  #ab4 ccidentally adv4 *"7"d!a2(`gv1d!a
  ? ,The fisherman accidentally dropped
his net into the ocean4
  n>"my1|1q/'o/"e{`e?'k.'f>'d!a|1_`d{"
k?"rw`c*`-
  #ac4 hatch vt4 m*"m*"j!"r9"/ k*"m(1
  ? ,The rebels are hatching a plot to
overthrow the king4
  n>"j41pv"k4'az"hw"m*"m(1f$'qv'k31_1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 give birth to''' iz'e)""""
  ? ,A cat just gave birth to a litter
of kittens behind my house4
  s`a:'m%'kx'hw"3`k)'r("mt"iz'c!a*'3'e{`
m%'-
  #b4 rush ,A to ,B
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d%" ,B
  ? ,An ambulance rushed the injured
people to the nearest hospital4
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k?"d!a*'~"-
  #c4 go so far as to ,V iu"a:"r$"h3"/
o/"e*1h3""""
  ? ,In order to get a ticket to the
concert1 ,Willy went so far as to spend
the night outside the ticket counter4
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o/"e*1hw"i("p{"l(`7"dz`c!a*'az`+"-
  #d4 fight''' off/ fight off''' k*1f$"/
d*`lx""""
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robber4
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q0`-
  #e4 have a change of heart kw`ot"e?'*"
  ? ,I was going to leave this morning1
but ,I had a change of heart and decided
to stay4
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k81dy"cs1e)"cw1-
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f3'"""
  ? ,George is moving to a new apartment
so he got rid of some old furniture4
  j{1a:"{"ov'd%"e?'d!ak&'|"2e3`*`f>'ds'
c!a*'e+'ks"k)'k|"-
          33333333333333333333

    h3"a!`kt`k+"
  8'rv"-i:`fv`o0"l!" 7,John ,Ernst
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          33333333333333333333

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gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#ag =1e81}"r9'f&`
  ,The ,Evils of ,Wealth ,Haunt ,The
,Pearl
  {au'a/'o33jw1m*1e?'j{"d!ao0'k|"

  ,At the dock1 they discover that
,Kino's canoe has been destroyed1 so
they are forced to make their escape on
foot4 ,During their trip1 ,Kino realizes
that three men are secretly tracking
them4 ,Fearing for his family's life1 he
attacks and kills the trackers4 ,Before
dying1 one of the men fires a shot and
accidentally kills ,Coyotito4
  ,Filled with grief1 the couple bring
their dead son to the beach4 ,As
villagers look on1 ,Kino takes one last
look at the pearl and heaves it into the
ocean4
  ,A major theme of ,The ,Pearl is the
evil that can come from love of money4
,Kino is poor at the start of the novel1
but his life is happy and peaceful4
,Discovering the pearl should make him
wealthy and happy4 ,Yet somehow1 it
brings out the worst in ,Kino and
everyone around him4 ,In the end1 it
completely destroys his life4 ,Family is
another key theme4 ,Throughout the book1
,Kino always puts his family first4 ,He
is willing to do anything to restore his
son's health after he's stung by the
scorpion4
  ,After obtaining the pearl1 he even
plans to spend the money on making his
family stronger4 ,Eventually1 the pearl
blinds ,Kino to what is most important
to him1 and he stops putting his family
first4 ,This leads to ,Kino abusing his
wife and behaving recklessly1 which
causes his son's death4
  ,The ,Pearl was written by ,John
,Steinbeck1 one of ,America's most
talented literary minds4 ,During his
career1 he wrote #cc books1 including
classics like ,Of ,Mice and ,Men and
,East of ,Eden4 ,In #aici1 he took home
the prestigious ,Pulitzer ,Prize for
,The ,Grapes of ,Wrath4 ,Steinbeck's
main characters are often complex yet
easy to relate to1 because they
typically are battling their inner
demons and injustice in society4
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 heave vt4 6"c*"gz'/ c>'/ fw1
  ? ,Eva heaved a life preserver to the
drowning boy in the lake4
  *'916"c*"o>`ks"iz'6"k|"gz'k0`hw"r/1a&'
n*"i$`d!anv1rw1-
  #b4 restore vt4 r$'q/"
  ? ,The governor tried his best to
restore order to the troubled area4
  kw'a('ax`k?"c*"{"r$'q/"a('n0"r=`c}"d*"
j|'d!aa:"e|"-
  #c4 obtain vt4 d!1d%"2r3"d!1
  ? ,Larry obtained his scuba license
after taking an intensive course4
  cw"g$"hw"ix"}1m*"k*1l!"bz1a:'r("n>1d%"
c!ai$`q0"jt1i$`a:1a%"-
  #d4 eventually adv4 h$"r("2a&'|1
  ? ,At first1 ,Tina was suspicious of
me1 but ,I eventually earned her trust4
  j*`b/'d*"n>"d$"3`e?'j=1r71*12dv"3`h$"
r("y1d!1c!af>'d!ae?"gu"-
  #e4 abuse vt4 n8"dw"
  ? ,The man abused his children and as
a result1 his wife left and took the
kids with her4
  n>"nv1gu1n8"dw"h:"k*`d!ae{`rw12?'j:`
f>'d!aj*'h:`dw"a!arw1h:ac*1lw'c!af>'-
  #f4 recklessly adv4 c/`mx`d!a
  ? ,Phil drove recklessly and ended up
in a hospital4
  q0':`c/`mx`lw'b!'2h$"r("k?"c!a*'~"-
  #g4 literary a4 =1e81d!a
  ? ,The accomplished writer's latest
novel won several literary awards4
  n>"$"jw1r91.1*"h3"k)'d!ah$"e?'e{`i3'y1
d!1r%`k*`e."=1e81k.`-
  #h4 prestigious a4 s`my1iz'd!a2s`$'_"
d!a
  ? ,Harvard is regarded as one of the
most prestigious universities in the
world4
  r>'q<1d>"e81o0"k&'gu"$1i:"ix"h$"k|"$'
_"d!ad>"e81a:'*'-
  #i4 typically adv4 f&'bx12*'ov'
  ? ,Gina typically eats a cheeseburger
for lunch4
  k*1n>"f&'bx1b:'j*`e:'rv"o%`dx'/`jv'-
  #aj4 battle vt4 |`"""o<1d("/ h3"av"
  ? ,The patient has battled diabetes
for two years4
  n>"$"oy"r}"*`ky'rv"fx1n{"oy"o<1d("c!a
c.`nt1-
  #aa4 injustice n4 o/"k&'2o/"*"
  ? ,The presidential candidate vowed to
fight poverty and injustice in the
country4
  kw'h&`f&`r("e~`gu1q>'i:"{"d$"lx"k31n0"
d!ap?1j61|`o/"k&'o/"*"d!a="f*1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 look on px1k}'
  ? ,My parents were looking on as ,I
received an award during graduation4
  o*"+"dt`c*`ix"23`q/"m/`hw"fw1e)"k}'lv"
3`cy`k.`-
  #b4 bring out the worst/ best in sb
  gx"m(`gu1av`et"h$"h%'/ r%`d!a*'mt"
  ? ,Alcohol always brings out the worst
in ,James4
  r!'ks`h&`i:"gx"av'm/`e:'av`et"h$"h%'
d!a*'mt"-
  ? ,If you keep encouraging ,Ed1 you'll
help bring out the best in him4
  g/1k3`n*`k*"e|"k/`c*"w"d!12ks"nz1ox'
f>'av`et"b/'h$"s'es"d!a*'mt"-
  #c4 put''' first *`"""$1et'
  ? ,Nicole puts her career first and
rarely sees her friends4
  n*1l!`*`i:"+"$1et'2ru`i%`ku'pz1s`kt"
mt"-
  #d4 be willing to ,V ~"*"h3""""
  ? ,Steve loves ,Jenny so much that he
is willing to do anything for her4
  i:`d*"q/'iu'w"a!aau'n*12~"*"$"f>'h3"
gu"r!1i:"-
  #e4 relate to''' c*`k+`/ gu"f&1"""{o+1
gu1d!a="f*1,b/`ky"o
  ? ,Paula can relate to ,Tony because
she recently lost her father1 too4
  o%`c>'nz1k("c*`k+`d&'n*1d!ab/`ky"2?'$"
f>'hw"o/"ks`jt1+`i:'j|"c!aq/"j?'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  ,How ,Pearls ,Are ,Formed
  ,When a particle1 like a grain of
sand1 gets into an oyster1 the oyster
will secrete a fluid called nacre to
coat the particle in order to protect
itself4 ,Over time1 this particle will
be coated in many layers of nacre1 and
eventually a natural pearl will form4
,If the particle is surgically
implanted1 the pearl that forms is
called a cultured pearl4

----------------------------------------

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bz1d!aau'a/'ks"k{"h3"gu1k&'.`a:1au'a/'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  sting vt4 {e+'h:a,qz'o a!'{`;{a:1/"o
j:" & n4 a!12j:";a!'/ j:"ix'b/" ev'fw"
$133 sting1 stung1 stung4
  ? ,After ,I was stung by a bee1 my arm
swelled up4
  3`d!ai(`o0"o0"m*"qz'dy'd%"r("a&`c!aj*`
cw1-
  ? ,Tamara applied a cold pack to the
bee sting to reduce the swelling4
  f>`m01c>'hw"o0"m*"qz'a!'d%"d!ad*"qx'
q/'oy'dw"*`ot"e{'a&`-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%"j*1f>'+`s`;-{`-2 a:'*"d!a
h:"j:1|`pt"|`33
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{` & n4 {`{ix'o;dy'{ru1o
  ev'fw"$133 bite1 bit1 bitten4
  ? ,I got bitten by mosquitoes because
,I forgot to use bug spray on the
camping trip4
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h:a{`c!a-
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  ? ,Duncan discovered that rats had
been gnawing at the computer cables4
  dz"lu`q>'et"*'a:1s`c%`i/`hw"{`dt"n%`
et"c/"-
  c4 nip vt4 jy'jy'{`
  ? ,Sarah giggled when the puppy nipped
her thumb4
  e{`k(`jy'jy'{`a!ai>'c>'d!am/`a:`i:12
f>'l!"l!"e{"c!aj*`cw1-
  d4 nibble vi4 *'dt`*'dt`d!a{`/ lu`
  ? ,Jimmy nibbled on his lunch and
didn't finish eating until two o 'clock4
  k*1m*`*'dt`*'dt`d!ab:'a!a/`jv'2d%"e)"
/`c.`dt`jw1b:'}1-
  e4 sink one's teeth into''' ru`ru`d!a
{`a/""""
  ? ,Mark shouted in pain when the cat
sank its teeth into his ankle4
  dx'n>"a:'m%'ru`ru`{`a/"m>`l!"d!ak{`r9"
i:12f>'f&"d!ad>"k{"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o infant n4 y':1
  {o scorpion n4 e+'h:`
  {o racist a4 s`a&`h/1j*1i:"d!a2a&`h/1
a/`*"d!a
  {o seaweed n4 rw`h%`
  {o oyster n4 m/`c*"
  {o scuffle n4 ns`d>`
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  grief n4 o0'ix';cy"gu1o0'ix'd!ai:"
  ? ,Losing his house in the wildfire
caused ,Gary a great amount of grief4
  kw"g$"d!aqx1h:ah%'d%"+`r3`f='i:"2a!"
i:`f>'kv`d%"q0'bx1o0'ix'-
  ? ,Alice's broken marriage is a great
grief to her parents4
  w"c*"e:'p<"e$"d!ar='?'i:`q/"m/`ru`ix'
e?'-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" grief d!at`iz'h:"|`6"q>`33
  a4 grief-stricken a4 k*1d/"o0'ix'd!a
  ? ,The grief-stricken mother couldn't
stop crying during her son's funeral4
  n>"$"o0'f&"d!am/`j?'hw"f>':1h:ad!aex'
c*`ix"l/'j*"o/"*`-
  b4 grieve vt4 & vi4 kv`d%"o0'f&"
  grieve for/ over''' $""""kv`d%"o0'f&"
  ? ,Lydia grieved the death of her
grandfather4
  c*"d*1)"$"h/`q/"d!ae:`kv`d%"o0'f&"-
  ? ,Mr4 and ,Mrs4 ,Brown are still
grieving for their son who died seven
years ago4
  o/"cx`q/'q/"gz1$"c!aj*'nt1jt1j|"i:"d!a
:1h:akv`d%"o0'ix'-
  c4 it grieves sb to ,V/ that h:`k|"
  """gx"m(`gu1kv`d%"nv1k3"
  ? ,It grieves ,Ross to see his best
friend suffer from his illness4
  lv"d%"h$"{"r%`d!apz1s`?'oy"i("l/`gx"
c31e:'kv`d%"nv1k3"-
  ? ,It grieves ,Penny that she had to
give her pet cat away4
  p0"n*1o/"d!1o/"o>`f>'.`d!am%'e&"gu12
a!"gx"f>'kv`d%"ru`nv1k3"-
  d4 grieved a4 o0'ix'd!a2ix'e?'d!a
  be grieved at''' $""""kv`d%"o0'ix'
  ? ,Vince is grieved at the news that
his daughter's cancer has returned4
  =1e:'a:'d%"n|`:1w1az"q/"q>'d!ae{'e*1
r("kv`d%"ru`o0'ix'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o tracker n4 a$'h&'a!`2a$'o/`a!`
  {o demon n4 !"m<1
  inner demons e?'m<1/ qv1n%`{*'ov'6"q/"
i/"o
          33333333333333333333

    ,Grammar ,Tips
  ,Kino dreams of how wealthy he'll
become after selling the pearl4
  ,He even goes so far as to make a list
of how he intends to spend the money4
  ''' the greedy doctor discovers where
,Kino is hiding the pearl'''
  k+"i%"s1*1="j:1?`d%`d!amy1j:1h:`k|"a:'
ey1bz1k*16"q>`
  {o *1="j:1 7what1 when1 where1 why1
how dz`7 ?`d%`d!a="k|"l!`a}`ot"bz1my1j:1
h:`k|"2k*1o%`cs1~1*1="j:12~1cw1d%"a_'d!a
k|"h:ak+1k("r}1~1bz1o/"d%"a_'d!aey1fw"-
  ? ,I wonder where ,David is right now4
  3`e.`a:'d%"d>"$"et"hw"hw"n>`c*`-
  {o *1="dw"my1j:1 what1 who1 which hw"
="k|"a&'g3"$1a/`j:12h!1kw'*1="k|"hw"ot"
bz1my1j:1h:`k|"i:12k|"h:ak+1k("o/"ot"-
  ? ,Who was behind this crime is still
a mystery4
  a!"k!"h$"ey1d!am/"r("r0'i(`i:"i01gz1
i:"k!"m*1-
  {o how hw"j*1?`d%`d!amy1j:1h:`k|"a&'
g3"i:"es'i:"ey1g&1j:1r3"q/"j:12e|'k.'kw'
ey1g&1j:1r3"q/"j:1a:"|1 how a:'r("2i:`
how a:1k+'es'i:"kw'ey1g&1j:1r3"q/"j:1
{g/1ix"c+"d*"*'k|"6"q>`o-
  ? ,Nick wanted us to know how
difficult this project was4
  n*1l!"{"3`muaa:'d%"a!"k!"j*"r9"v"s`d3'
l="nv1-
  {o hw"a/`{"h:`k|"a&'2*1="j:1?`d%`d!a
my1j:1h:`k|"l!`h3"a/`j:1,i("j:1r3"a:"|1
be d&"j:1r("h3"a/`j:1o/`|`- ix"c+"d!ad*"
*'k|"|`d*":"k|"$1k+"j:1 of d!ai("j:12d*"
ev'k|"h!1$1k*1/"d&"j:1 discovers d!ai("
j:1-
  a4 h3"a/`j:16"33
  ? ,When we will hold the meeting is
yet to be decided4
  3`muarw1m01k81dy"{"hw"r!1i:1lw'r$"-
  b4 h3"i("j:16"33
  ? ,I can understand why ,Jay is mad at
you4
  3`l!`*`c*`k+`$"r!1e{`k+1r$"iz'n*`d!a
j*"-
  c4 a:"|1 be d&"j:1r("h3"a/`j:1o/`|`33
  ? ,The question is how long it will
take4
  ="f*1i:"a!"{"r9'd3'ks`i:1kt'-
  {o my1j:1h:`k|"h3"a/`j:1i:12_`_`r$"ey1
bz1a/`j:1k3"bx1d!aet"e."2j:`i:1l!`6"e|'
a/`j:1 it dw"f*"a:"|1k|"i(`2:1o0"dw"f*"
d!amy1j:1h:`k|"h!1a:"|1k|"$`-
  ? ,How ,Tim pulled off the feat is
beyond me4
  .k ,It is beyond me how ,Tim pulled
off the feat4
  3`o/"d&`f*1m/`i:"g/1r!1d>1d%"a!"e."a_"
k|`d!a-

----------------------------------------
  ky'e~`i:"f*1
  ,Regina is trying to find out ---- the
library is4
  7,A7 who 7,B7 when
  7,C7 why 7,D7 where

  d>1v"33 ,D
          33333333333333333333

  hw"m>`f(12f>'muaq>'et"j*1n3"d!ad/1m/"
a('*`ky'r$`r7"2e3`*`f>'muao0"p<"6"o/"ey1
d!aqx'i:"f%1_1- hw"c/"bz1a&'2j*1n3"q>'
et"s`ev'my1nv1h:`hw"j{`j{`ku'h&'f>'mua-
f>'dv'e?'k)'gu1d!aiz'my"v'$12ot"b/'i(`
k&'k*1oy"i>'c!aku'h&'f>'muad!agu1- j*1
a&'*'my1nv1h:`hw"e:`jt1lw'c!a*'j.'2*"7"
k*1o*"e{`cx1- a!"d$"mv`r71o0'f&"d!aq/'
j*'dw"a!ae:`j|"d!a:1h:ad%"rw`ot'- hw"j='
m?1d!apx1k}'e)"2j*1n3"lv"c!aau'a/'h$"r("
*'t`2ot"6"c*"k.'f>'gz'd%"rw`c*`-
  {au'a/'o d!aa&"{"a/`f*1a:'*'i:"w"jt1
l!`nz1d%`a:"d!ar3"rw"- hw"e{`i3'd!alw'
f(12j*1n3"e$'gv1p?1j612dv"f>'d!aiz'r31
l7"c!"s"v'e.1- q>'et"n>"l!'au'a/'y'kw'
r$"gx"f>'ot"d!as"q/"s`s"l7"c!"- gv1:1o/"
a:'$"i!1m!a2au'a/'gx"j*1n3"k*1iu'ot'd!a
gu1d('c/"b/'h$"r7"d!a*'mt"- d%"h$"r("2
au'a/'b!"d*`r$`c!af>'d!agu1iz'- k)'gu1
i:"cy"*'k!"k}'kt"a/`f*1- j~1i/'j&1f(1d%"
$`2j*1n3"*'a:1o>`k)'gu1qx"hw"d*"*'$"-
hw":1h:ao0"e+'h:`a!'c!aa:'r("2$"c!agx"
f>'r$'q/"kt"lx'2j*1n3"i!1m!ad('~"*"h3"-
hw"d!1d%"au'a/'a:'r("2f>'iu"a:"d>`e}"r9'
jt1gx"k)'fy1kz"ey'_"- h$"r("au'a/'gx"j*1
n3"lv"o/"jy'i!1m!ad$"f>'jw1i:"h$"a&"{"
d!a2|1i:"f>'o/"hw"o>`k)'gu1qx"hw"d*"*'
$"- ?'j:`j*1n3"n8"dw"j*'h:`,ey1i:"c/`
mx`2k?":1h%"bz1c!a:1h:ad!ae:`-
  {au'a/'o b/'h:"8'rv"-i:`fv`o0"l!"a:'
i(`2f>'i:"m0`k31i/`*'i/`:"d!aft'jw1=1fv1
k|"o<"- f>'hw"b_"h3"iz')1a&'e+`c!aev'i:1
ev'ou`i/'2o%'k9'ky'dt`h3"p?`{gu1i/`a:'
kt'o |`{*'dt"a:'d&'o- #aici nt12f>'*`
{qu"n/"d!ap/1f%1o y1d!1e.`s`iz"my1d!ap/`
c*"h:'k.`- i:`fv`o0"l!"o*`e)"d!aa/`{"k{`
e!"ky'bx1ey"k!1q/"h>12j8"gx"gu1ru`g&1*"
c*`k+`2?'$"f>'muaf&'bx1d('hw"ku'e?'m<1|`
i!"r$"d!ao/"k&'o/"*"o<1d("-
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#ah c*"i:`r$1cx1
  ,The ,Periodic ,Table of ,Elements
over the ,Years
  r9"e81~1e/"pw1pw1av"

  by ,Lauren ,Mc,Carthy
  ,Anyone that has taken chemistry is
familiar with the periodic table4 ,This
is a systematic ordering of all the
chemical elements based on the atomic
number1 distribution of electrons1 and
various chemical properties4 ,Its
organization makes it relatively simple
to understand1 but the basic layout also
contains a lot of details and facts4
  ,Throughout the #ahjjs1 numerous
developments in chemistry and science
led to the discovery of many new
chemicals and knowledge about the
different elements4 ,Scientists started
noticing similarities and patterns
between different elements and began
grouping them in various ways4 ,Yet1 the
elements weren't laid out in a table
until #ahfi4 ,In ,March1 ,Russian
chemist ,Dmitri ,Mendeleev released his
periodic table that arranged the
elements by atomic mass4 ,He also left s
paces in the table empty as he expected
that other elements would be discovered4
,He also classified the chemical
elements based on related properties4
,This was the start of the periodic
table that we are all familiar with to
day4
  ,Of course1 ,Mendeleev's table looked
nothing like what we think of as the
periodic table4 ,At the time1 there were
only #fc elements listed4 ,Now there are
#aah elements4 ,His table was also in a
more basic table of rows and columns4
,Today's standard periodic table was
developed in #aibc by ,Horace ,Groves
,Deming4 ,That year1 he published a
,Mendeleev-style table and an #ah-column
table1 the latter of which was used in
textbooks and science research texts4
,Yet1 even that was not the end of
changes to the table4 ,Tennessine1 the
newest element1 was discovered in #bjaj4
,That element and three other
synthesized elements were not even
officially named until #bjaf4 ,More than
#aej years after ,Mendeleev introduced
it1 the periodic table is still a work
in progress4
          33333333333333333333

  `# j:`b/"d!a which a:`d!ai:"jt1mt"d!a
a ,Mendeleev-style table rv" an
#ah-column table1 the latter $1;-r("
a!`-2 a:'*"2k/" the latter of which a:`
d!ak*1i:" the #ah-column table4
          33333333333333333333

  ,What ,Did ,You ,Learn8
  #a4 ,How was the first periodic table
arranged8
  #b4 ,What did ,Horace ,Groves ,Deming
do in #aibc8
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 periodic a4 a('j*1d!a2dy"j*1d!a
  ? ,Periodic checkups can help you
detect diseases in their early stages4
  dy"j*1kt"lx'kt`b>1l!`ox'a/"n*`hw"k*1
oy"h%`j*1i:1ks"q>'et"-
  #b4 systematic a4 s`e*"f&`d!a
  ? ,Alphabetizing is a systematic way
of arranging data4
  v"h:"m/`pw1c+"i:"*'a&`s`e*"f&`d!ah:'
c{"az`c*`qx'q>`-
  alphabetize vt4 a%"h:"m/`i="e|"pw1c+"
  #c4 distribution n4 qu'p0"2qu'o/"
  ? ,The distribution of wealth is
uneven in that country4
  kw'k31jw1q/"qu'p0"o/"k4'-
  #d4 property n4 ey"a:12f!"ey"2i/`ey"
  ? ,Researchers are making advances in
understanding the properties of stem
cells4
  t1ks"~1d$"|1kv"e*"o%'f!"ey"d!ac{`k+`s`
e3`k?"av`-
  #e4 layout n4 ov`mt"ot'pw12o/"k|1i!"
k*"
  ? ,The magazine's attractive new
layout boosted its sales4
  kw'h>1a:"e*'?`gu1d!ae?'ov`mt"i!"k*"j:"
k*'c!ae{'i("c."-
  #f4 similarity n4 e.'e:"b/"
  ? ,This city has a certain similarity
to ,San ,Francisco4
  a!"k!"bz1i:"rv"ks"k?'iv's`k*`qu'e.'e:"
a:'b/"-
  #g4 group vt4 qu'h/`2qu'c0"
  ? ,All the clothes in our store are
grouped by type4
  3`muadt"c*`e3`s`d!a*'q/1k4'*'c0"ey1qu'
c0"-
  #h4 classify vt4 k.'"""qu'c0"
  ? ,The books in this section are
classified by author4
  a!"*'j|'d!ai/'*`h3"a!`qu'c0"-
  #i4 standard a4 o{'a=`d!a
  ? ,Mini-bars are a standard feature in
most hotel rooms4
  e{`oy'e.'i:"d3'i/"qv"dt"qx1kt'd!ao{'
a=`i!"o0"-
  #aj4 synthesize vt4
  r!1bz1{ou`=1$1k3"j|"qu'j:1h3"ey1g&1j:1
6"o
  ? ,The material is synthesized from
two different components4
  a!"a&`jw1c{"i:"s1c.`a&`o/"f&1d!abz1qu"
r!1bz1d!a-
  #aa4 officially adv4 az"i:"d!a
  ? ,Tim and ,Judy have officially
announced their engagement4
  f*1m/`rv"a/'d*"az"i:"e~'o/"f>'muady"
r='d!ae{'e*1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 be based on''' k*'|1"""
  ? ,The results are based on months and
months of experiments4
  a!"e+'k+1k3`i:"k*'|1r%`k*`k!"8"cw1d!a
i:1t"-
  #b4 lay out''' pw1c+"/ av`lw'""";o/"
a:"i!"k*""""{bz1au",kt"a/1dz`o
  ? ,The central area of the city is
laid out on a grid pattern4
  kw'bz1i:"d!aa&'e?'d*"j|'jw`j*1pv1i:"
i!"k*"-
  #c4 in progress k?"ey1a&'
  ? ,Repair work on this part of the
highway is in progress and will continue
until the end of the month4
  a!"k!"k&'c/"c/"d}"d!aaz`es'k&'bz1az"
hw"k?"ey12oy"j+`r$"b:1e|"d%"ou`8"d*`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  element n4 r9"e81~1e/"
  ? ,Oxygen is an element1 while ,H#b,O
is a compound4
  .`i:"*'a&`r9"e81~1e/"2i$`h!1i:"r9"r!1
/"-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" element d!aj*1f>'*"e:'k*1
t`iz'6"q>`33
  a4 o{`;-{"e/"-2-
  ? ,The movie has all the elements of a
good comedy4
  a!"o/"dt"y`k|"o0"s'a:1e*`k|"pt"d!ae3`
s`{"e/"-
  b4 o{`;-bz1qu"-2-
  ? ,The herbal tea ,Susan usually
drinks contains no artificial elements4
  e/'iv'ky'bx1r!'d!an>"a&`r9'j%`b>1o/"
rv1gu1k&'bz1qu"-
  c4 o{`;-ft'j*"-22rz16"q/"i/"33
  the elements ft'j*"{s1a:`!"c+"d!aft'
j*"o
  ? ,Despite the typhoon1 ,Amy braved
the elements and rode her scooter to
work4
  e$'gv1i:"fw1qz'ft'2w"m*'rw1i:"m%"a!a!"
c+"d!aft'j*"j*1k*'b!'j|"ix"ov'-
  d4 be in one's element d!1e?'y"i(`
  ? ,Daniel is in his element when he is
on stage singing4
  dv'n*1:`hw"/`fw1ix"bx"k!'i:1d!1e?'y"
i(`-
  e4 be/ feel out of one's element
  o/"d!1j*1e3`2b/`|1o/"i:"y"d!ar}1ky"
  ? ,Growing up in the country1
,Victoria feels out of her element in
the city4
  $1d3'c*")"hw"e.'e)"ax`d>"2/1q>`i:"y"
bz1i:"iz'r31-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o chemistry n4 r9"e81
  chemist n4 r9"e81k)'
  {o an atomic number ~1h:`e|"{~1h:`r!1
n0"a:1h:`d!ai/"c."o
  atomic a4 ~1h:`d!a
  {o electron n4 dt"h:`
  {o mass n4 a:1c."
  {o column n4 {o{`k!1d!ao cv1
          33333333333333333333

    r9"e81~1e/"pw1pw1av"
  gu"r!1ix"k3"r9"e81l!"d!agu1d('ru`i/1
e*'~1e/"a('j*1o{`- a!"i:"ku'k|"~1h:`e|",
dt"h:`qu'o/"rv"o/"f&1r9"e81f!"ey"2k.'e3`
s`r9"e81~1e/"e*"f&`pw1c+":1bz1d!ac+"o{`-
j*1h/`a:'gx"f>'e.'d$"kt`dv'*"d&`2dv"k*'
ou`d!apw1c+"+`o%'rv1c!ae|`d3'e*"k+1rv"
i:"i:1-
  #ahjj nt1dw"j*1kt'2r9"e81rv"l!'e81ix"
d!ae|`d3'q>'av`h%"ks"c!ae|`d3'e?'r9"e81
/"a:1d!aq>'et"rv"o/"f&1~1e/"d!ae?'a:'
i:"- l!'e81k)'lw'i:`a/"*"d%"o/"f&1~1e/"
kt'd!ae.'e:"b/"rv"m<1i:"2oy"lw'i:`*`k!"
a&`qx'q>`k.'f>'muaqu'c0"- o/"k3"2a!"e+'
~1e/"*'a:1d%" #ahfi nt1jw1o0"pw1c+"hw"
o{`k!1a&'- dx'nt1ev'8"2!"k31r9"e81k)'d!1
m*`f!"c*`-mu1d!1c+"q/'q>'o{`c!a*`~1h:`
a:1c."pw1c+"d!a~1e/"a('j*1o{`- f>'+`hw"
kw'o{`k!1ix"cs1c!al&"$"2?'$"f>'|"j*1j*1
f>'~1e/"rw1r$"o0"q>'et"- f>'+`ku'k|"e.'
k}'d!aey"a:1k.'r9"e81~1e/"qu'c0"- a!"i:"
3`muag/1k?'j~1d('i/1a:'d!a~1e/"a('j*1o{`
d!aj*`i:`-
  dx'gv12mu1d!1c+"q/'d!aa('j*1o{`rv"3`
muag/1k?'e3`gu"$1d!a~1e/"a('j*1o{`ax`d!a
*'dt`+`o/"e."- dx'i:1a:`s`c+"b/'cs"i:1
ev'k!"~1e/"- et"k?'h!1s`*'ow`*'i:1o>'k!"
~1e/"- f>'d!ao{`k!1+`i:"*`o*`k{"k*'ou`
d!ac+"|`cv1e3`bz1et"- et"k?'o{'a=`d!a~1
e/"a('j*1o{`i:"|1 #aibc nt1s1r!"c>'
e:'-k!1c31q/'-d!1my1e3`q>'av`b/'cw1d!a-
dx'nt12f>'q>'o{`c!a*'k!"mu1d!1c+"q/'i:"
d!aa('j*1o{`rv"*'k!"s`a!ai:1o>'cv1d!aa('
j*1o{`2r("a!`o0"6"hw"k{"l!'i/'rv"l!'e81
t1ks"=1dx`a&'- gv1:12k*1ot"i:"kw'ov`ou`2
+`d('rw1o/"i:"~1e/"a('j*1o{`d!ah$"a&'
ov`- h$"e?'d!a~1e/";-i:1ft1-2 {ot'v"33
q>'?'f&1;-ft1-2o |1 #bjaj nt1o0"q>'et"-
kw'~1e/"rv"j*1f>'ev'k!"r!1bz1~1e/"iu"a:"
*'a:1d%" #bjaf nt1jw1o0"az"i:"my"my1-
hw"mu1d!1c+"q/'f*1b/'a('j*1o{`d!a*'ow`/`
i:1d3'nt1r("2~1e/"a('j*1o{`d!aot'c+"k&'
h3"gz1hw"k?"ey1a&'-

  jv'l%`d>1v"
  #a4 ,By atomic mass4
  #b4 ,He published a ,Mendeleev-style
table and an #ah-column table4
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#ai d}`pt'8"d/1
  ,Mbira3 ,A ,Uniquely ,African ,Sound
  q0'a('cy1r=1m0`iz'33m/`a:`j?1
  dw"my1j:1 it h3"e|'i("j:1d!a6"q>`

  by ,Daniel ,Howard
  ,Mbira is both a type of music and the
instrument used to produce that music4
,Both are of great significance to the
,Shona people of ,Zimbabwe and
,Mozambique4 ,In fact1 mbira has worked
its way into every aspect of ,Shona
culture4
  ,Also called the thumb piano1 the
mbira instrument is a small collection
of metal keys that a musician plucks
with their thumbs and the right
forefinger4 ,There is a lot of variety
among the actual instruments1 which come
in a range of quality and sizes4 ,A
hollow gourd called a deze and a wooden
sounding board amplify the sound of the
mbira instrument4 ,Mbira players may be
accompanied by drummers1 singers1 and
other instruments for a
performance4
  ,In ,Shona culture1 mbira music is
used at many significant events4 ,The
music is often described as a 8telephone
to the spirits10 or a direct line of
communication to ancestors and
significant figures from history4
,Therefore1 mbira performances feature
heavily in requests for aid1 like
prayers for rain to end a drought or to
chase away harmful spirits that cause
disease or mental illness4 ,They are
also used at funeral ceremonies1
especially of chiefs4
  ,Given the deeply spiritual role of
mbira players1 they hold a complex
position in society4 ,While certainly
respected1 mbira players are expected to
be humble1 as arrogance will insult the
spirits and make it impossible for the
mbira player to communicate with them4
,It is a role of community service4
  ,Mbira music is currently experiencing
a revival4 ,When ,Zimbabwe was still a
,British colony1 ,Christian missionaries
tried to end the tradition due to its
ties to spirit and ancestor worship4
,Since ,Zimbabwe's independence in the
#aihjs1 however1 there has been a return
to the old traditions of the region1
including the unique sounds of the
mbira4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 ,What is the second paragraph
mainly about8
  7,A7 ,An introduction to a specific
,African instrument4
  7,B7 ,Special functions and purposes
of the mbira instrument4
  7,C7 ,The differences between the
mbira and the thumb piano4
  7,D7 ,The reasons why other
instruments are used to accompany the
mbira4
  #b4 ,According to the passage1 whose
statement is ,,NOT related to the
purpose of the mbira8
  7,A7
  ,I attended the chief's burial
yesterday2 mbira music was played to
call on spirits4
  7,B7
  ,My brother was seriously ill1 so we
used the mbira to expel evil spirits4
  7,C7
  ,When there is a drought1 we play the
mbira to ask spirits to bring rain4
  7,D7
  ,The sound of the mbira lets me know
that my phone is ringing4
  #c4 ,Which of the following statements
is true8
  7,A7 ,Mbira instruments are used
exclusively at chiefs' funerals4
  7,B7 ,Mbira players have to be
arrogant in order to communicate with
spirits4
  7,C7 ,Mbira instruments were banned
after ,Zimbabwe's independence in the
#aihjs4
  7,D7 ,Mbira players use their thumbs
and a forefinger to pluck the
instrument1 like a guitar4
  #d4 ,Why did mbira nearly disappear
from ,Zimbabwean culture8
  7,A7 ,Christian missionaries tried to
get rid of it4
  7,B7 ,Spirits refused to respond to
the mbira for years4
  7,C7 ,The instruments became too
expensive to produce4
  7,D7 ,The previous generation rejected
traditional culture4
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o mbira n4 m/`a:`j?1
  {o aspect n4 jz1mt"2qx'mt"
  {o forefinger n4 i:1a:`
  {o gourd n4 r/1c/1
  {o a sounding board k&"my1ov`
  {o ancestor n4 h/`et'
  {o drought n4 kv'rv"
  {o funeral n4 ex'c*`
  {o missionary n4 b}1k{"i:"
  {o burial n4 hx"c*`
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 be of 7great7 significance/
importance to sb d$"m(`gu1:1t1{ru`o a&"
{"
  .k be 7very7 significant/ important to
sb
  ? ,The discovery was of great
significance to the researchers4
  a!"e."q>'et"d$"t1ks"gu1~1e.'dx'a&"{"-
  #b4 work one's way into/ to/
through''' a/1o/"d>1d%"""";r}`mv":1q0"
c*"d!a*1d%"/ b}'k3""""
  ? ,The touching story has worked its
way into the hearts of people
everywhere4
  a!"k!"kv`gu1d!ak/"i:"*`kt"kt"d>`d&"k!"
d*"gu1muad!ae?'-
  #c4 come in''' s`"""{l}`i:"/ b:`j="/
t1e!"dz`o
  ? ,The dress only comes in two colors1
light blue and dark purple4
  a!".1a_'a:`s`jt`cv1rv"iu'h:`c.`k!"t1
e!"-
  #d4 feature in''' hw""""av"e.'dx'o*`
a&"/ j*`a&"{"h3"6"{bx1|` heavily1
highly1 largely1 prominently1 strongly
dz`q/"j:1oy"6"o
  ? ,Fighting features heavily in the
director's latest movie4
  d>`d("hw"kw'd%`t`d!ah$"e?'dt"y`a&'av"
s`e.'dx'o*`a&"-
  #e4 communicate with''' |`"""k('f&'
  ? ,Taylor and ,Milly broke up because
they could not communicate with each
other4
  fw"c!"rv"m*`c*"qu'i(`c!a2?'$"f>'muao*`
j:`/1q>`k('f&'-
  #f4 call on''' a%"r}"/ r%"a%"/ {'
js1"""
  ? ,The priest called on the spirits of
the dead during the service4
  kw'k*"e:'hw"j*1d%`*1i:"a&'a%"r}"e:`a!`
d!acy1r=1-
  ? ,The mayor called on the police
department to keep order during the
protest4
  i:"ax`{'js1ky`qx'hw"lx"*"k3"bz1a&'$1
b:1a:"e|"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 instrument n4 8"j*"
  ? ,Mia is good at playing many kinds
of musical instruments4
  m*")`iv"bx1t`h("e|`d3'a&`8"j*"-
  #b4 amplify vt4 qx"d>"{iz'?'o
  ? ,This device is used to amplify
sound4
  a!"k!"a_'a:"i:"o0"6"cw1l3"?'d!a-
  #c4 accompany vt4 $""""ov"h(";p01ov"
  be accompanied by''' s1"""ov"h("
  ? ,In the concert1 ,Zach was
accompanied by the violin and the piano4
  hw"a!"bx`?'8"r$"a&'2s`e{`f*1j?1rv"kx'
j?1$"b>1l!"ov"h("-
  ? ,My boyfriend accompanied me to my
class reunion4
  3`nv1s`p013`jv'k)'c!af&1e81r$"-
  #d4 communication n4 k('f&'
  ? ,Deaf people use sign language as a
means of communication4
  fy'ax"gu1i:"6"i(`|`h3"$1k('f&'d!aqx'
i:"-
  #e4 ceremony n4 *1i:";dt`c*`
  ? ,The mayor was invited to preside
over the groundbreaking ceremony of the
new cultural park4
  kw'i:"ax`i("{'cw1a/`b:1n>"h3"e?'=1r9"
k&'~1d!ap<"f/`*1i:"-
  #f4 spiritual a4 ky'iu1ix"d!a
  ? ,Susan enjoys material possessions1
but neglects her spiritual needs4
  e/'iv'e*`w"/"a:1jw1q/"2j8"r/'c8"c!aky'
iu1e|'js1-
  #g4 arrogance n4 %"mv"2h:"q/"
  arrogant a4 %"mv"d!a2l_1_"h:"d>"d!a
  ? ,Owing to his arrogance1 ,Toby lost
the speech contest4
  s1|1%"mv"2f3'o*`i/'d{"c!aa!"bx`t`k.`
o*`ew"-
  #h4 insult vt4 m%"qv"2es'g/"
  ? ,The reason ,I don't like ,Nelly is
that she always insults me4
  3`o/"e*`r}'n>"c*"d!a~1?'i:"f>'h&`i:"
es'g/"3`-
  #i4 community n4 i!"j|'
  ? ,Warren lives in a small community
outside the city4
  r91c=1a/"hw"bz17"d!a*'k!"e{`i!"j|'c*`-
  #aj4 revival n4 q/"ey'
  ? ,There has been a recent revival of
impressionism4
  h$"k?"?"e."pw"s"hw"d/"ey'j*`-
  #aa4 worship n4 k*"iu1;c*`ow"
  ? ,The temple has been a place of
worship since #ahij4
  a!"h3"m{"h:" #ahij nt1j*`ks"i:"k*"iu1
d!abx`e3`-
  #ab4 independence n4 d/1c*"
  ? ,India gained independence from
,Britain in #aidg4
  ?"d/"hw" #aidg nt1f3'c*1y'k31:1d/1c*"-
  #ac4 expel vt4 j|'b/1;pw1b/'
  ? ,I don't know how to expel the rock
that is stuck in the pipe4
  3`o/"a:'d%"g/1r!1pw1b/'l>`hw"k}`h:aa&'
d!ai:1f(1-
  #ad4 exclusively adv4 a}'mu1d!a;a}'s`
d!a
  ? ,This parking lot is exclusively for
the restaurant patrons4
  a!"h3"fy1b!'bx`i:"a!"k)'jv'fy'd!ak/"
l!"a}'6"d!a-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  pluck vt4 o<'2fv1{8"j*"d!aet1o
  ? ,The guitar string vibrates when it
is plucked4
  k*1f>'d!aet1*'o0"o<'n&"ks"r$"au"d&"-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" pluck d!aj*1f>'*"e:'|`bx1
kt"d!ad>'p0"6"q>`33
  a4 h3"k*1/"d&"j:1i:12l!`o{`;-aw'
{r9'o-2-
  ? ,At the park1 ,Dale plucked a
fragrant flower for ,Eva4
  hw"k&'~1c*`2dw":`aw'c!a*'d3`qx'e.'d!a
r9'e&"k0`*'91-
  b4 h3"k*1/"d&"j:1i:12*"l!`o{`;-o>12
c>'-2-
  ? ,Vanessa plucked her eyebrows into
the shape she wants4
  qv1n*1i>'o>`m01m%1o>1bz1h:"k*`e.`{"d!a
m01ey1-
  c4 pluck at''' {6"i(`a:`o mz`c>'/
b!`"""
  ? ,The little boy plucked at the loose
string on his sweater4
  a!"k!"e{`nv1rw1mz`b!`f>'m%1*'ix"e&'f3'
d!aet"-
  d4 pluck up 7the7 courage to ,V k/`j*`
6`j*"{h3"o"""
  ? ,Ella finally plucked up the courage
to call ,Jay and apologize for all the
mean things she said4
  w"c>'a&'|1k/`j*`6`j*"d>`dt"r9"k0`>"
k+12$"h:"k*`jz1i3'k3"d!ar7"r9"d%"jt"-
  e4 pluck sth out of the air/ thin air
  e$1l(`i3'b/'m(`k!"i/"h:"/ my1h:"
  ? ,I'm plucking a name out of the air
here1 for example1 ,Brandon4
  hw"a!"c*`3`a:`i:"e$1l(`i3'*'k!"my1h:"2
c*"g/1o/"cv1dz'-
  f4 be plucked from obscurity
  i:`*'k|`bz1my1/ *'e*"o%"r&1
  obscurity n4 m<"m<"/1=1
  ? ,The woman was plucked from
obscurity by a talent scout on the
street4
  a!"my1n|`h:`hw"k+'ix"o0"*'my1ey'fv"q>'
k81:1*'k|`bz1my1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  """2 as arrogance will insult the
spirits and make it impossible for the
mbira player to communicate with them4
  k+"i%"dw"my1j:1 it h3"e|'i("j:1d!a6"
q>`
  ou`k|"a&'d!a make o{`;-i:`"""bz1
$1"""-22$1o/"}1j~1k*1/"d&"j:12 it $1e|'
i("j:12dw"f*"r("mt"d!ao/"dy"j:1pt"|` to
communicate with them1 j:`o/"dy"j:1pt"|`
jw1i:"au'az"d!ai("j:12 impossible h!1$1
i("j:1o/`|`-
  {o b/1c!a make1 o/"}1j~1k*1/"d&"j:1
find1 believe1 think1 consider1 deem dz`
h:"r("mt"*"bx1k+'e|'i("j:1 it j|`dw"o/"
dy"j:1pt"|` 7to ,V71 d&"my1j:1 7,V-ing7
r3" that h:`k|"2hw"k+'my1j:1r3"ey1g&1j:1
h3"i("j:1o/`|`2k|"ey1g/1e)"33
  o/"}1j~1k*1/"d&"j:1
  e|'i("j:1
  i("j:1o/`|`
  au'i("j:1
  make/ find/
  believe/ think/
  consider/ deem
  it
  ,N
  ,Adj4
  to ,V
  ,V-ing
  that h:`k|"
  a4 j|`dw"o/"dy"j:1pt"|`
  ? ,Lucy makes it a rule to eat at
least five servings of fruit and
vegetables every day4
  c/"e*'.`bz1m0`ft'a:"i%`b:'/`qu"i/'k3`
d!ae*1k}"-
  b4 j|`dw"d&"my1j:1
  ? ,I never find it hard getting up
early on a ,Saturday morning to go
swimming4
  3`j&1o/"k81d!ahw"ey'j*1cs"h%`ix"h%`j*`
j|"s16`ru`nv1-
  c4 j|`dw" that h:`k|"
  ? ,My father thinks it true that ,Alan
is good4
  3`q/"j?'gu"$1w"c=1gu1i:"au'd!ao/"j3"-
  {o it hw"e)"c+"6"q>`a&'*"h3"e|'i("j:1
6"2dw"f*" that h:`k|"33
  a4 take it for granted+ that h:`k|"
  i:""""$1c*`e3`dx'gv1
  ? ,Jim took it for granted that his
parents would always be around to help
him4
  k*1m/`c*`e3`dx'gv1d!agu"$1f>'q/"m/`e$1
i:1d('r$"hw"iu'px1ox'a/"f>'-
  b4 see to it+ that h:`k|"
  /"o*"{""""2j8"o%`/ j8"dy""""
  ? ,I want you to see to it that
,William doesn't get into any trouble4
  3`{"n*`j8"o%`$'ct1o/"r$"g!`ix"gu"r!1
m>1qv1-

----------------------------------------
  ky'e~`i:"f*1
  ,Social media makes ---- possible for
me to share photos with my friends4
  7,A7 those 7,B7 it
  7,C7 that  7,D7 something

  d>1v"33 ,B
          33333333333333333333

    q0'a('cy1r=1m0`iz'33m/`a:`j?1
  ,Mbira k*"i:"*'a&`?'8"2+`i:"6"cw1fv1
h("n>"a&`?'8"d!a8"j*"{m/`a:`j?1o- c.`a!`
d$"e?'o>'$'rv"m<"ex'o*`l!"d!ai%"n>"h/1
cw1i3'd('q0'bx1a&"{"- i:1k*"ix"2m/`a:`
j?1*`ky'g&1g/"i%"n>"=1r9"d!ak!"k!"jz1
mt"-
  m/`a:`j?18"j*"+`o0"bz'$1m/`a:`kx'j?12
i:"8"i:'6"i_'i(`m/`a:`rv"s"i(`i:1a:`fv1
h("d!a*'e{`h/`k?'i/`j?1kt"- i:1k*"d!a8"
j*"s`ru`d3'c0"ey12p?`a:1rv"b:`j="d('k!"
s`o/"f&1- bz'h3" deze d!aa&'l&'r/1c/1rv"
m/"a:"k&"my1ov`l!`qx"d>"m/`a:`j?18"j*"
d!aiz'?'- l!`nz1r$"s`k/`i(`,k!'i(`rv"j*1
f>'8"j*"$1m/`a:`j?18"i:'ov"h("t`b/'-
  hw"i%"n>"=1r9"a&'2m/`a:`j?1?'8"o0"6"|1
e|`d3'a&"{"r31d&"- a!"a&`?'8"f&'bx1o0"
ey1g&1$1;-|`iu1cy1ct1k+1d!adt"r9"-22r3"
i:"|`h/`et'rv"c*"i:`ix"a&"{"gu1/"d!ak('
f&'a}'et"- ?'j:`2hw"e."i:"j*1|`*`k+1i/"
kv'rv",j|'kv`d%`a:"k*1oy"r3"ky'iu1k*1oy"
d!a!"cy1dz`e41js1e+1a/"d!abx`r!1a&'2m/`
a:`j?1o{`t`av"s`e.'dx'o*`a&"- f>'mua+`
o0"6"|1hx"c*`2s1j*1i:"js1ax`d!ahx"c*`-
  l%`c|"d%"m/`a:`j?18"i:'d!aiu'jz1ky'iu1
k{`e!"2f>'muahw"i!"r$"a&'d!aiu'qu"ru`q/"
h>1- k?`k}`m/`a:`j?1c!"i:'*'dy"r$"i("d%"
h='a&"2dv"f>'mua+`o0"j*1dw"{"jt'e|'2?'$"
%"mv"r$"m%"qv"iu1cy12i:`m/`a:`j?18"i:'/1
q>`|`iu1cy1k('f&'- a!"i:"*'a&`i!"j|'q/1
/"d!ak{`e!"-
  m/`a:`j?1?'8"m/"jt1az"hw"ky'c*"q/"ey'
k+'d}"- hw"e?'o>'$'gz1i:"y'k31a:1m?1d*"
i:12k*'d/'k{"b}1k{"i:"s1|1j*1|`iu1cy1rv"
h/`et'b&1ow"d!act1e*":1i:"f/1k+1i/"j:`
b}1f&`- gv1:12h:"e?'o>'$'|1 #aihj nt1dw"
d/1c*"*`cw12a!"k!"d*"j|'d!ak/`c%`b}1f&`
*`s`r$'q/"d!aj|'i:"2o%'k9'm/`a:`j?1d!a
d/1f!"8"?'-
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 d*":"d}"a/`{"i:"k}'|1i!1m!ao
  7,A7 m(`*'a&`q0'a('8"j*"d!ak+"i%"-
  7,B7 m/`a:`j?18"j*"d!af!"i/'k&'nz1rv"
6"f/1-
  7,C7 m/`a:`j?1rv"m/`a:`kx'j?1a:'kt'd!a
j|'o+1-
  7,D7 j*1f>'8"j*"o0"6"cw1$"m/`a:`j?1ov"
h("d!a~1?'-
  #b4 ku'k|"ou`=12i01d!ae|"i/"|`m/`a:`
j?1d!a6"f/1/1k}'o
  7,A7
  3`h31ft'jv'k)'c!ajs1ax`d!ahx"c*`;hx"
c*`ix"t`h("c!am/`a:`j?1?'8"*`a%"r}"iu1
cy1-
  7,B7
  3`d*"d*"oy"a&"2e3`*`3`mua6"m/`a:`j?1
cw1j|'h(`!"cy1-
  7,C7
  s`rv"hw'i:123`muar$"t`h("m/`a:`j?1j*1
js1iu1cy1k."|`-
  7,D7
  m/`a:`j?1d!aiz'?'gx"3`a:'d%"3`d!adt"
r9"hw"e.`-
  #c4 *`e)"n>`k!"e|"i/"i:"az"j8"d!ao
  7,A7 m/`a:`j?18"j*"a}'mu16"|1js1ax`d!a
hx"c*`-
  7,B7 m/`a:`j?18"i:'o*"e|'{"%"mv"jw1nz1
|`iu1cy1k('f&'-
  7,C7 m/`a:`j?18"j*"hw"e?'o>'$'|1 #aihj
nt1dw"d/1c*"r("h%'k?"-
  7,D7 m/`a:`j?18"i:'6"c.`ku'm/`a:`rv"*'
ku'i:1a:`fv1o<'8"j*"2e."k*1f>'*'."-
  #d4 $"i!1m!am/`a:`j?1k*'r/'j&1e?'o>'$'
=1r9"a&'e{'i:'o
  7,A7 k*'d/'k{"b}1k{"i:"i:"f/1{"q0"d{"
f>'-
  7,B7 iu1cy1k|"k81r$1y"m/`a:`j?1*`s`r%`
k*`nt1c!a-
  7,C7 a:"h%"kw'8"j*"e3`e|'d!aq0"6"ot"
d!afw"k%'-
  7,D7 ix"*'dw"d!agu1k|"k81b}1f&`=1r9"-

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,A #b4 ,D #c4 ,D #d4 ,A
          33333333333333333333

  e/".`l7"b&'av""1m/`a:`j?1a:'d3'i%`

  ? k+1k("f/1o
  ? et"dw"m/`a:`j?1d!a?'d{"v'pw1o
  b}1f&`d!am/`a:`j?1?'kt"ru`d3'2fv1h("
q/"h>1- et"hw"cs1ey1d!am/`a:`j?1i:"kt`
r9"d!aov`ou`2k{"h3" kalimba4 y'k31d!a
,Hugh ,Tracey o<1i:"hw"t1ks"c!ai/"i:1a&`
b}1f&`d!aq0'a('m/`a:`j?1?'d{"o/"k|1r("2
q>'et"c!a*'k!"k$'c|"- f>'i:`6"s`k$'c|"
d!ah3`s"pw1c+"q>`cw1hz'k)'?'k+'d!a?'8"
ey"- a!"."d!ak$'c|"i:"fv1h("m/`a:`j?1d!a
k*'b/`- f>'k.'e*'qx'd!ah:"gv1d>"d{"?'k+'
7,Do1 ,Re1 ,Mi1 ,Fa1 ,So1 ,La1 ,Si1 ,Do7
*`k{'f*"d!aqx'i:"pw1c+"2gx"d>"k)'nz1kz"
jy'e&'d!at`h("2av`e?'d!aet"dw"m/`a:`j?1
ot"dv"iz'c!a-
  ? ov`i:"j?1r3"i:"e.'i:"j?1"1
  &ov`i:"j?1y mbira without a sounding
board
  j?1f*`i:"i:1e?'d!am/"ov`2a:"h3"qx'i:"
e.'d$"g&1*";k&"my1|`au"d&"ru`a:1k+'2iz'
?'kv'ky"-
  &e.'i:"j?1y mbira with a sounding
board
  j?1f*`i:"a&'l&'d!ak&"my1e.'2s1d3'l7"
m/"ov`{o%'k9'ix"e)"ov`,h3`s"j!"ov`,*`k*1
mt"o0"ov`o h/`r!1:1bz1;a:"h3"qx'i:"e.'
d$"q/"h>12?'c."o*`ov`i:"j?1d>"*'dt`2iz'
e{"s`l&'cy1kv`-
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#bj q>'i%'k!'j|`
  ,Rest of ,My ,Life
  3`d!a|1iz'

  ,Can't take another night on my own
  ,Could've gone out instead
  ,Can't take another conversation
  ,It just fills me full of dread
  ,Can't take another swipe on my phone
  ,Not good for my head
  ,Can't take another awkward morning
  ,With a stranger in my bed

  7,Pre-chorus7
  ,I've travelled way too far
  ,Broken too many hearts
  ,Been beaten1 bruised and scarred
  ,But ,I'll rise up1 rise up
  ,I'm looking for that kiss only lovers
know exist
  ,Do you wanna take the risk8
  ,We could rise up1 rise up

  7,Chorus7
  ,I just wanna find
  ,Someone that ,I
  ,Can spend the rest of my night with
  ,I just wanna find
  ,Someone that ,I
  ,Can spend the rest of my life with

  ,Can't take another drunken night
  ,That ,I'm gonna just regret
  ,Can't take another morning
  ,Try'a wash the whiskey off my breath
  ,Can't take another long goodbye
  ,That ,I know you're gonna send
  ,The million reasons why you think
  ,That we should just be friends

  7,Repeat pre-chorus7
  7,Repeat chorus x#b7
          33333333333333333333

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          33333333333333333333

  h:"j:1d>"o/`f+`
  #a4 dread n4 l&`k|"2rw"p>";s'c|"
  ? ,The thought of getting on the
roller coaster filled ,Jason with dread4
  *'e.`d%"{"h3"ix"41e{'q0'b!'ks"gx"k+1
eu'b&'mv`l&`k|"-
  #b4 swipe n4 & vt4 {i(`a:`hw"y1m/"ix"o
r91d&";i9'{l>`o
  ? ,With a swipe of a finger1 viewers
can look at and explore buildings on
their phone4
  a:`{"r91d&"*'e)"i(`a:`2i:`6"a!`ks"nz1
hw"dt"r9"ix"b>1lv"r3"e('e41kt"a/1/"-
  ? ,Employees have to swipe their card
to enter the office4
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i:"-
  #c4 awkward a4 cy"gu1kv'k>"/ nv1lv'd!a
  ? ,Did you sense the awkward moment
between ,Lori and ,Sean8
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n>"*'l!"j*"qu'k7"k7"d!ao
  #d4 bruise vt4 i:`|'jy'2i:`j>'ix' & n4
|'jy'2j>'ix'
  ? ,Sam fell off his bike and bruised
his knee4
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e*'kw"-
  #e4 scar vt4 i:`cs1e)"o>'ru1 & n4 o>'
ru1
  ? ,The burns scarred ,Peter's skin1
leaving a permanent mark4
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d!ao>'ru1-
  #f4 take the risk m%"et`
  ? ,Those ropes don't look strong
enough to hold us4 ,I don't think we
should take the risk4
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to4
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k+1e*'-i:`d/'r91 7,,JC ,Stewart7 g:"jt1
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dv'j|` 7,Too ,Many ,Nights71 b:1e|"hw"
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7,Rest ,Of ,My ,Life7 $1lw'bx`d!ai(`ax'
k!"gu1m*1n*`a}'k*1 7,When ,The ,Light
,Hits ,The ,Room74
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r!1h3"}1bz1a!"ax'm*1n*`a}'k*1d!ab_"h3"2
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h3"gu1 ,Two ,Inch ,Punch j%'d%'a:"h3"-
kw'm*1n*`a}'k*1o%'rv1e:"i(`ct1k+1o/"f&1
jy1ky"d!ak!'j|`2k.'gu1iz'bz1ax`c*"bz1a&'
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gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#bb l!"c("h:"
  ,History's ,Best ,Fake ,Artist
  i:"k*"h$"d>"k)`r9"pt"k|1/ rv"-qv"-m*`
k!1c=1

  by ,Daniel ,Howard
  ,Han van ,Meegeren started out as a
painter of little renown4 ,In the early
#bjth century1 he painted portraits for
well-off families in a very ,Renaissance
style1 but critics mostly 7#a---7 him as
unoriginal and he never really achieved
success4 ,To prove the art critics wron
g1 he painted and 8found0 a painting
that he claimed was a lost masterpiece
by master ,Dutch artist ,Vermeer4 ,He
went to great lengths for the hoax1
including using #agth-century canvas and
paints as well as treating the paints so
that they would appear old and hard4
  ,Experts proclaimed the painting1
,Supper at ,Emmaus1 7#b---7 and it sold
for a huge sum to the ,Boijmans
,Gallery4 ,The fake painting was the
centerpiece of a major collection4
,While van ,Meegeren's original plan was
to tell the world of his deception1 he
quickly realized 7#c---7 profitable it
was to create--and then sell--
8discovered0 masterpieces from famous
artists4
  ,In #aide1 van ,Meegeren was arrested
by ,Dutch officials for working with
,Nazi ,Germany1 the crime 7#d---7 that
he sold a priceless ,Vermeer to one of
the top ,Nazi commanders4 ,Van ,Meegeren
then revealed that not only was the
painting a fake1 but he had traded it
for #acg truly original paintings that
had been looted by the ,Nazis4 ,Van
,Meegeren became famous overnight and
the charges of aiding the enemy were
dropped4 ,He was later 7#e---7 profiting
from a lie for selling his forgeries and
was sentenced to a year in prison4 ,He
died a week later and ended up having
never spent a day in prison after a
lifetime of crime4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 7,A7 replaced 7,B7 dismissed
      7,C7 featured 7,D7 hailed
  #b4 7,A7 authentic   7,B7 eloquent
      7,C7 indifferent 7,D7 objective
  #c4 7,A7 so  7,B7 as
      7,C7 why 7,D7 how
  #d4 7,A7 may have been 7,B7 being
      7,C7 to be         7,D7 had been
  #e4 7,A7 reduced to   7,B7 limited to
      7,C7 convicted of 7,D7 deprived of
          33333333333333333333

    c*`s1
  #a4 ''1 he painted portraits for
well-off families in a very ,Renaissance
style1 but critics mostly dismissed him
as unoriginal and he never really
achieved success4
  c*`s1
  a4 7,A7 replace vt4 f*"r}"2j|`dw"
  replace ,A with ,B 6" ,B f*"r}"/ j|`
dw" ,A
  ? ,Sam is considering replacing his
old desktop computer with a notebook4
  iv'm/`az"l%`c|"o>`ks"d!aa3'k*'r}"bz1*'
fw1o*`k*"ey1dt"n%`-
  7,B7 dismiss vt4 oy"j*"
  dismiss ,A as ,B k.' ,A ot`$1 ,B
  ? ,Mr4 ,Jones dismissed ,Larry's
proposal as unrealistic4
  j61e:'et'iz'gu"$1cw"g$"d!af*1v"o/"j+"
i:1k*"-
  7,C7 feature vt4 *`"""$1f!"e!"
  feature sb as''' {dt"y`o *`m(`gu1a/`
t`"""
  ? ,The drama features ,John as a new
graduate4
  kw'k|"*`8'rv"a/`t`*'my1kx'j&1d>"e81o*"
+"d!agu1-
  7,D7 hail vt4 bz'e&"
  hail ,A as ,B k.' ,A |"$1/ bz'e&"$1 ,B
  ? ,After the end of the war1 the
politician was hailed as a great
peacemaker4
  av"az'k+1i/"r("2n>"$"az"a:"k)'o0"bz'
e&"$1c{`o/"j*`d!af{1fy1a!`-
  b4 ku'k|"|`*"2qv"-m*`k!1c=1$1q/"s`gu1
k)'r$"a:"k*1q/"=1*"q/"ey'qz'k!1d!ar9"
e."2dv"py1c="k)'d3'ov"k.'f>';-ot`$1-2
c{`/1e?'*"2f>'+`m01s`au'd!abz1k&'k3"2k/"
7,B7 e."y'$1az"e~`-
  #b4 ,Experts proclaimed the painting1
,Supper at ,Emmaus1 authentic and it
sold for a huge sum to the ,Boijmans
,Gallery4
  c*`s1
  a4 7,A7 authentic a4 au'az"d!a
  ? ,Are you sure this is an authentic
ruby8
  n*`j8"dy"a!"i:"au'az"d!ar&1o%`i:1m>ao
  7,B7 eloquent a4 ru`s`l(`jw1d!a
  ? ,To be successful1 a politician must
be an eloquent speaker4
  bz1k&'d!aaz"a:"gu1/"o*"e|'{"s`*'cs1d!a
l(`jw1-
  7,C7 indifferent a4 o/"k}'e?'d!a2o/"
hw"r/'d!a
  be indifferent to''' d$""""m<"o/"k}'
e?'
  ? ,The rich man is indifferent to the
suffering of the poor4
  n>"my1q/"&'d$"j61gu1d!af&"l/`m<"o/"k}'
e?'-
  7,D7 objective a4 l!"k}'d!a
  ? ,Scientists must be objective in
their research4
  l!'e81k)'hw"h3"t1ks"i:1o*"e|'{"l!"k}'-
  b4 jt1*'d}"f*1d%"c!aqv"-m*`k!1c=1$"h%"
r!1cv1r$"r9"d>"i:'$1m01:`d!a*1i:'k+1h3"2
l!`a:'a}'k)'o{`my1a!"q/1my1$1{*`m>`/`e:'
d!a}`jv'o d!ar9"i:";-au'-2 k*'2a!"q/1r9"
rw1*`k|"!1o0"qv"i("k0`qv"o<1ny1u'm0`i/"
k}`2k/" 7,A7 e."y'$1az"e~`-
  #c4 '''1 he quickly realized how
profitable it was to create--and then
sell-- 8discovered0 masterpieces from
famous artists4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`k*1/"d&"j:1 realized {*"
i:"d%"o2:1l&"k!1r("s`ey1g&1j:1
profitable {nz1a}"jt1d!ao k*1h:`k|" 8it
was to create'''01 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"
l!`?`d%`my1j:1h:`k|"j+`l!`a:1k+'es'i:"
ey1g&1j:1d!aj:1c0"-
  b4 e~`e."a&'k?`s`*1="q/"j:1 how q/1r!1
f{1kt"2k/"e~` 7,D74
  ? ,I don't know how difficult the job
will be1 but ,I'm willing to give it a
try4
  3`o/"a:'d%"a!"qu"k&'h3"r$"s`d3'l="nv12
dv"i:"3`~"*"bx1i:"-
  #d4 ,In #aide1 van ,Meegeren was
arrested by ,Dutch officials for working
with ,Nazi ,Germany1 the crime being
that he sold a priceless ,Vermeer to one
of the top ,Nazi commanders4
  c*`s1
  a4 ou`k|"i:1$1 8,In #aide1 van
,Meegeren was arrested by ,Dutch
officials'''1 the crime was that he sold
a'''01 dv"g/1j:`*'cw1r$"h%"bz1s`c.`k!"}1
az`h:`k|"j8"/1ct1k+'j:1ct1k+'d!aj3"/"k|"
k("-
  b4 dx'c.`k!"}1az`h:`k|"/1ct1k+'j:1ct1
k+'i:12j*1o/`ks"ov"q>`$1k.'j*1a&'*'k!"
h:ak|"r9"$1qu'j:1k|"k("2j*1q>`h!1g/1
e)"33
  #a7 o0"r9"kt`d!ah:`k|"a&'a/`j:1|`a/`{"
h:`k|"d!aa/`j:1e.'f&1i:12kw'a/`j:1{"o0"
iv'b/12g3"a/`j:1o/"f&1i:1h!1{"o%`cs1;
  #b7 a:'r("d!ad&"j:1{"ot"bz1et"hw"qu'
j:1;
  #c7 g3"kw'd&"j:1$1 be d&"j:1i:12ot"bz1
et"hw"qu'j:1 being a:'r("l!`iz`c8"-
  c4 ku'k|"ix"i/"2s1|1c.`k!"h:ak|"d!aa/`
j:1o/"f&12k/"k.'d*":"k!"h:ak|"a&'d!aa/`
j:1 the crime o%`cs12j*1r(" be d&"j:1
was kw`bz1et"hw"qu'j:1 being1 k/" 7,B7
e."$1az"e~`-
  #e4 ,He was later convicted of
profiting from a lie for selling his
forgeries and was sentenced to a year in
prison4
  c*`s1
  a4 7,A7 be reduced to ,N/ ,V-ing
  c=1c3"a:"/ c=1c3"$1"""
  ? ,Jack was reduced to begging after
he lost everything he had4
  hw"i:'j|"*'j+"r("2k+1l!"c=1c3"d%"ey1
j*`d!ad*"o/"-
  7,B7 be limited to ,N/ ,V-ing k|1et"
|1"""
  ? ,Damage from the earthquake was
limited to the north coast4
  kw'd*"au"e3`h%"bz1d!ahw'rw"k?`et"|1o0`
rw`v"-
  7,C7 be convicted of''' o0"e~'pv""""
{s`h$"/ d!ah$"my1o
  convict vt4 k.'"""dy"h$"
  ? ,The man was convicted of murder and
sentenced to life in prison4
  n>"my1nv1h:`o0"pv"m(1i>'h$"my1bz1c*"2
o*"e|'a&'iu'kt'k?"-
  7,D7 be deprived of''' o0"o<'d31"""
  deprive vt4 o<'d31
  ? ,Prisoners are deprived of their
freedom because they have broken the
law4
  js1qv"?'qv"q>`:1o0"o<'d31h:"s1-
  b4 ku'k|"|`*"2qv"-m*`k!1c=1?'$"j&1b/'
i("$"h3"d!ar_`t1a&'r3"c*":1;-o0"dy"
h$"-22oy"o0"pv"b/`*'nt1f/1ey12k/" 7,C7
e."y'$1az"e~`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 renown n4 my1|"2iz'|"
  ? ,Kelly has won world renown for her
latest novel4
  lw`c*"?'j*1h$"e?'e{`i3':1=1my1j~1js1-
  #b4 well-off a4 q/"|"d!a2s`jt1d!a
  .k wealthy a4
  ? ,Josh runs a clinic and lives a
well-off life4
  j{1e|`lw'c!a*'kt'au`e3`2k3"a!aq/"|"d!a
iz'r31-
  #c4 critic n4 py1c="k)'
  ? ,Film critics hold the director in
high esteem4
  y`py1gu1d('ru`ky"a&"a!"$"d%`t`-
  #d4 unoriginal a4 /1e?'*"d!a2/1d/1b_"
ey"d!a
  ? ,Amy's idea sounds good1 but it's
unoriginal4
  w"m*'d!adt`h:afy'j*`cw1o/"j3"2dv"c{`/1
e?'*"-
  #e4 masterpiece n4 k+1h3"
  ? ,The sculptor created his
masterpiece at the age of #be4
  n>"my1d{'l!"i:'hw":"i:1/`e$"i:1d{'b/'
c!af>'d!ak+1h3"-
  #f4 proclaim vt4 o{`my1
  ? ,David proclaimed himself the sole
heir to the fortune4
  d>"$"o{`my1h:"k*`i:"n>"o*`jw1bv`d!a$1
*'k*"bz1gu1-
  #g4 deception n4 j*'pt"
  ? ,Obtaining money by deception is
illegal and immoral4
  *`j*'pt"d!ai(`q>`r3"j|`k?'jt1k*"$1q>`
s"o/"d%"d!1-
  #h4 profitable a4 nz1a}"jt1d!a2s`c*"
g="d!a
  ? ,Selling clothes online is a
profitable business4
  hw"_`c/"ix"mw"*'q/1i:"*'mu1s`a}"f(1d!a
rx1+"-
  #i4 priceless a4 /1k)"d!a2k*1j*1k$"a&"
d!a
  ? ,Kent's knowledge and experience
make him a priceless asset to our com
pany4
  lu`f!"d!aa:'i:"rv"ky't"i:`f>'bz1$13`
muak&'e:'d!ak$"a&"h:'bv`-
  #aj4 overnight adv4 *'e*"a:'kt'
  ? ,Paul won the lottery and became a
millionaire overnight4
  o%`c31a&'c!ac!"f("2*'e*"a:'kt'ot"bz1
ow`}"q/"&'-
  #aa4 charge n4 l&"k%"
  ? ,Mandy would be willing to drop the
charges if you agreed to pay for the
broken window4
  g/1k3`n*`f&1*"p01bx1d>`p<"d!ab_'h:a2
mv"d*"ks"~"*"b!"e{'d$"n*`d!al&"k%"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 start out as''' h$"b/'/ *'lw'i:`
i:1i:""""
  ? ,Andrew started out as a chemistry
major1 but he changed to ,English after
the first semester4
  v'd!1c/`*'lw'i:`a/`es'r9"e812dv"f>'hw"
d*"*'e81j*1r("kw`es'y'=1-
  #b4 go to great lengths for ,N $"
c!a""":1k+1k?"j~1c*"
  go to great lengths to ,V k+1k?"e3`nz1
d!ah3""""
  ? ,Many students go to great lengths
for admission to ,Harvard ,University4
  e|`d3'e81iz'$"c!ad!1d%"r>'q<1d>"e81d!a
g/"e81e|`l!`:1k+1k?"j~1c*"-
  ? ,Ron's secretary always goes to
great lengths to complete the work he
gives her4
  g&1u'd!am*"i/'h&`i:"k+1k?"e3`nz1}1bz1
f>'k{'q/"d!ak&'h3"-
  #c4 arrest sb for sth ?'m(`i:":1dw"o/`
m(`gu1
  ? ,Ian was arrested for possessing
drugs when he arrived in the country4
  *'u'd*`d>1kw'k31i:1?'b:1s`d/1p?`:1o0"
o/`-
  #d4 trade ,A for ,B *` ,A r}"j|` ,B
  ? ,Derek traded his guitar for a
concert ticket4
  d!1g$"l!"6"f>'d!ak*1f>'r}"c!a*'ax't`
bx"r$"mu1p{"-
  #e4 profit from''' j&1"""a&'r3"c*"
  ? ,One should never profit from
another's misfortune4
  *'k!"gu1k81o/"kw'j&1o+1gu1d!ao/"ey"a&'
m(1j|`c*"*"-
  #f4 be sentenced to+ ey1j*1 o0"pv""""
ey1j*1
  ? ,The company president was convicted
of fraud and sentenced to #aj years in
prison4
  kw'k&'e:'d!ah&`jw1a>"j*'h$"my1bz1c*"2
o0"pv"i:1nt1f/1ey1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  fake
  a4 k)`d!a2$"h%"d!a & n4 t"p?`2k)`r3" &
vt4 $"h%"
  ? ,Jason was tricked into buying a
fake ,Rolex4
  k+1eu'h%'gu1j*'pt":1mw`c!a*'a:`k)`c%1
c*"i:"o{`-
  ? ,Sarah found that the check was a
fake when she tried to cash it in4
  i>'c>'i:"f/1k.'a:'p{"d$"et"i:12jw1q>'
et"n>"i:"k)`d!a-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%"j*1f>'o{`;-k)`d!a-2 r3";-$"
h%"{d!ao2m%"b&'{d!ao-2 d!ae.'k}'dv'h:"2
s`i:1l!`r/"r}"i:`6"33
  a4 false ~1ou`i:"e.'d$"|1 true d!a
;-j3"/"d!a2o/"i:1d!a-22*"l!`a:`;-k)`
d!a-2 r3";-$"h%"d!a-2-
  ? ,Can you tell a real diamond from a
false one8
  n*`nz1qu'ot"au'k)`h}"i:1m>ao
  ? ,Anyone who intentionally gives
false evidence in a judicial proceeding
shall be punished with imprisonment4
  gu"r!1e|"*"hw"e:'q>`e/"e&"a&'f*1k&'$"
az"d!agu1*'dy"r$"o0"b/`*`s`j*1f/1ey1-
  99judicial a4 e:'q>`d!a
   proceeding n4 e/"e&"
  b4 forgery n4 t"p?`2$"h%"/"
  forge vt4 $"h%"2k)`m%"
  ? ,Johnny forged his father's
signature on his report card4
  j.1n*1hw"bz1k*'dv'ix"$"h%"f>'o>"o>"d!a
jt'my1-
  ? ,The wanted man used a forged
passport to depart from the country4
  n>"my1o0"f&'j*"d!anv1h:`6"k)`r/"a%"c*1
lw'kw'k31-
  c4 fabricate vt4 ot'h%"2n+'h%"
  ? ,The police were accused of
fabricating evidence4
  ky`qx'o0"a:`l&"n+'h%"az"k|"-
  d4 counterfeit a4 $"h%"d!a & vt4 $"h%"
  ? ,The cashier discovered a
counterfeit #aj-dollar bill in the cash
register4
  kw'i('?1~1hw"i('?1k*'n0"q>'et"*'ax'i:1
m0`~1$"b%'-
  ? ,The gangsters counterfeited many
designer bags4
  n>"j41ox'pw"qu'h:`$"h%"c!ae|`d3'my1pw1
o%'-
  e4 pirate vt4 d%"ov`2q0'q>`qx`a:"
  ? ,It's illegal to pirate ,C,Ds and
,D,V,Ds4
  d%"ov` ,,CD rv" ,,DVD i:"$1q>`d!a-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o portrait n4 r9"e."2e{"e."
  {o ,Renaissance n4 =1*"q/"ey'{i:1j*1o
  {o hoax n4 pt"k|1
  {o canvas n4 s1r9"o/"
  {o centerpiece n4 h$"a&"{"d!ao/"qu";
h$"e*'?`gu1d!ao/"qu"
  {o commander n4 a:`r$'k}'
  {o loot vt4 c8"d31
          33333333333333333333

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m*`k!1c=1
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e?'*"2f>'+`m01s`au'd!abz1k&'k3"- $"c!a
az"my1*"py1k)'i:"j3"d!a2f>'r$"a:"oy"
;-q>'et"-2 *'q/1f>'iz'bz'i:"r!1cv1r$"r9"
d>"i:'$1m01:`d!a*1i:'k+1h3"- f>'$"c!aa!"
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j*'i:"k*"d!as1r9"o/"rv"f/1c{"2*`k*1o>`
f/1c{"k)'*`b/`c*`2r%`gx"f>'et`d!as"c%`s"
y"-
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}`jv'o d!ar9"i:"au'k*'2a!"q/1r9"rw1*`k|"
!1o0"qv"i("k0`qv"o<1ny1u'm0`i/"k}`- a!"
q/1k)`r9"i:"*'p*'a&"d>"i('jx1p?`a&'h$"
a&"{"d!ah3"p?`- e$'gv1qv"-m*`k!1c=1d!a~1
et'k*"r9"i:"{"e."i:"gu1k%"a:'f>'d!aj*'
pt"ey1$12dv"f>'ru`l7"ks"*"i:"d%"2b_"
h3""1gv1r("qv"i(""1;-o0"q>'et"d!a-2 a:'
my1r9"k)'k+1h3"i:"d3'm!as`a}"f(1-
  #aide nt12qv"-m*`k!1c=1?'$"|`n>"j$"d!1
k31r!1h3":1o0"r!1cv1k}'~1dw"o/`2h$"ey1
i:"f>'mw"c!a*'q/1$1m01:`d!a/1k)"a:'h3"
k0`k%'k+'d!an>"j$"a:`r$'k}'- qv"-m*`k!1
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qv"h$"d!a*'iz'r("2h$"r("j8"$"hw"c%1qx1
c*`dw'k3"*'ft'-

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,B #b4 ,A #c4 ,D #d4 ,B
#e4 ,C
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#bc f/1pt"e+`h3"
  ,What ,Terrible ,Food
  h%'k%'d!ai:1/"l

  f*1i:"
  jy`ku'k|"s"qx'f/1pt"2e+`*'pt'y'=1h3"
=12=1bx1a:"i%` #abj k!"dv'j:1 7words74
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m!ai:"-

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7description74
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q>'jy'lv"j*`cw1ru`o/"i/'q/12*`k*1dt"ky'
c*`iz'j*"|`f>'az'a:1dz`-
          33333333333333333333

  d>"kx'
  d*"*'d}"33 ,It was the weekend1 and
,Ella and ,Debbie were excited about
trying out a new restaurant4
  a4 ,They arrived at the restaurant on
time4 ,Looking at the menu1 ,Debbie
decided to order crab and ,Ella got a
steak4
  b4 ,After ,Debbie ate her food1 she
began to feel queasy4 ,A moment later1
she ran to the bathroom and threw up4
  c4 ,She suspected the seafood was not
fresh2 however1 the manager insisted
that the crab was fresh1 and refused to
give ,Debbie a discount4
  d*":"d}"33 ,Debbie was so upset that
as soon as she got home1 she posted
about the incident on her ,Facebook
page1 criticizing the restaurant for
serving bad food4
  a4 ,She also called out the manager
for his terrible attitude4
  b4 ,Before long1 the owner of the
restaurant replied to her post4
  c4 ,He apologized to ,Debbie and said
he would talk to the manager4
  k+1c="k|"33 ,Even better1 he offered
,Debbie a coupon for a free meal at the
restaurant6
          33333333333333333333

  qv"=1
  ,It was the weekend1 and ,Ella and
,Debbie were excited about trying out a
new restaurant4 ,They arrived at the
crowded restaurant at #f3ej p4 m41 #aj
minutes before their reservation4
,Looking at the menu1 ,Debbie decided to
order crab1 while ,Ella got a steak4
  ,Soon after ,Debbie started eating1
she began to feel queasy1 and ran to the
bathroom where she threw up4 ,She
suspected the seafood wasn't fresh and
called the manager over to their table4
,However1 he insisted that the crab was
fresh and refused to give ,Debbie a
discount on her meal4
  ,Debbie was so upset that as soon as
she got home1 she posted about the
incident on her ,Facebook page1
criticizing the restaurant for serving
bad food4 ,She also blasted the manager
for his terrible attitude4 ,A little
while later1 the owner of the restaurant
replied to her post4 ,He apologized and
said he would talk to the manager4 ,Even
better1 he offered ,Debbie a coupon for
a free meal at the restaurant6
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 insist+ that h:`k|" kt'bz'/ kt'
e?"/ kt'k81gu"$1"""
  ? ou`=1a&'d!a insist o{`;-kt'bz'2kt'
e?"2kt'k81gu"$1-22r("mt"d!a that h:`k|"
6"*'ov'i:1fw"-
  ? ,Nora insists that ,Pamela's answer
to the math question is wrong4
  n3"c>'kt'k81gu"$1pv'm*"c>'a!"d%"i/"e81
f*1d!ad>1v"i:"j3"d!a-
  ? insist *"l!`h3"*"a:"d&"j:12o{`;-kt'
b:1a/`ax'2kt'k81{'js1-22j:`i:1 that h:`
k|"a&'e|'i:`6"a/"d&"j:1 should1 dv"
should l!`|`*`iz`c8"2a:1k+'k+'~1ey1d&"
j:1-
  ? ,I never take advantage of my
friends1 and always insist that we
7should7 split the bill4
  3`j&1o/"av"pz1s`pt1*12oy"j+`h&`i:"kt'
b:1k!"q/"k!"d!a-
  #b4 as soon as+ ,S+ ,V1 ,S+ ,V *'"""
ks""""
  .k the moment/ the instant/ once+ ,S+
,V1 ,S+ ,V
  ? hw"ix"i/"k|"ey1a&'2 as soon as i:"
q/"j:1ct1k+'j:12j*1e3`?`d%`d!aq/"j:1h:`
k|"es'i:"k|"a&'d!aa/`{"h:`k|"-
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h:`k|"k+'6"k3"j|"i:";o{`$"cw1a_"fw"i:12
a/`{"h:`k|"{"6"$"cw1i:"2q/"j:1h:`k|"h!1
6"et"hw"i:"r3"et"hw"}1bz1i:"-
  ? ,As soon as ,Toby found out that he
had passed the examination1 he wept for
joy4
  f3'o*`*'a:'d%"h:"k*`f&'k3"c!al%`i:"ks"
e*`k*1:1j*"-
  ? ,As soon as the manager gets here1
we will start the meeting4
  ky'c*`*'d%"23`muaks"r$"lw'i:`r$"*"-
  #c4 ,Even better1 ,S+ ,V kz"ox"d!a
i:"2"""
  .k ,What's even better/ ,Better yet/
,Better still1 ,S+ ,V
  8,Even better1 ,S+ ,V0 i:"s1 8,What's
even better1 ,S+ ,V0 kt`r9":1cw1 - even
better o{`;-kz"r%`d!ai:"-226"cw1dw"b/'
r("mt"d!ak|"h:a2o{`i:"r("mt"e3`e|"i/"d!a
jy1l_"o*`jt1mt"d!akz"r%`-
  ? ,We went on vacation last weekend4
,Even better1 we saw a meteor shower on
one of the nights4
  3`muaix"a('m<"j|"d/"k)"- kz"ox"d!ai:"2
s`*'}`3`muarw1lv"kt"cs1ey'|`-
  c0"e:"6"q>`
  ,Even worse1 ,S+ ,V kz"h%'d!ai:"2"""
  .k ,What's even worse/ ,Worse yet/
,Worse still1 ,S+ ,V
  ? ,They got lost in the forest4 ,Even
worse1 they got soaked by the heavy
rain4
  f>'muahw"eu'c?1c*`m*1c!ac/"- kz"h%'d!a
i:"2f>'muarw1o0"d>"|`c?1bz1c!ac3"fx'k*'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 reservation n4 {a3'$",qx1kt'dz`o
|"8'/ |"dy"
  ? ,If there are additional people
coming to the dinner1 let me know so ,I
can change the reservation4
  }`jv'g/1k3`rw1s`gu1{"k)'g/"2jy`gx"3`
a:'d%"2*`ot"kz'kw`dy"$"d!agu1i/"-
  #b4 suspect vt4 r71*1
  ? ,The police suspected that the crime
was related to the drug trade4
  ky`qx'r71*1a!"j*`qv"h$"v"kt"rv"d/1p?`
k{'*"s`k}'-
  #c4 discount n4 a!1l(" & vt4 d>`a!1
  ? ,That drugstore is offering a #bj`0
discount on all its skincare products4
  n>"kt'{"a_'dt"j~1o/"d!ar/"q/'bv`p?`d('
d>`o>'a!1-
  ? ,Online retailers are now
discounting last season's products4
  et"ix"cy1i("ix'd!ak3"k*"ix'p?`et"hw"
az"hw"d>`a!1-
  #d4 incident n4 i:"kt"
  ? ,The incident that led to the ,Prime
,Minister's resignation is known to the
public now4
  d%`a:"h&`c*`j:1a:1e)"fw1d!an>"k!"i:"
kt"et"hw"gu1k?"k+'a:'-
  #e4 criticize vt4 p*'py1
  ? ,Reviewers have criticized this
movie for having too much violence4
  y`py1gu1p*'py1a!"o/"dt"y`fw"k3"o%"c*"-
  #f4 blast vt4 pz'k*12mz`c+"p*'py1
  ? ,Many employees are blasting the new
company policy4
  e|`d3'~1k&'j.1c+"p*'py1k&'e:'d!ae?'az"
j!"-
  #g4 apologize vi4 d%"jt"
  apologize to sb for sth $"m(`i:"e."m(`
gu1d%"jt"
  ? ,If ,Vincent apologizes first1 ,I
will forgive him4
  g/1k3`=1eu'et'd%"jt"23`ks"r$"~1c."f>'-
  ? ,Ryan apologized to the man for
stepping on his toes by accident4
  cw1u'?'$"o/"e{`e?'jw`d%"n>"my1nv1h:`
d!ak{`a:`:1e."f>'d%"jt"-
  #h4 coupon n4 s'r$"j~"2s'dw"j~"
  ? ,This coupon lets two people get
into the movie for free4
  a!"ax's'dw"j~"l!`gx"c.`gu1mt`q0"k}'ix`
a!"o/"dt"y`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o queasy a4 !`e?'d!a2{"(`f/"d!a
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 be excited about''' d$""""kv`d%"
ey'qu"
  ? ,My brother and ,I were excited
about the newborn puppy4
  3`rv"3`d*"d*"d$"kx'b/'iz'd!ae{`k(`k(`
kv`d%"ey'qu"o/"*`-
  #b4 try out'''/ try''' out i:"t"/ i:"
6""""
  ? ,Ashley tried out the new vacuum
before she bought it4
  w"e*'c*"hw"mw`e)"n>"fw1e?'e*'bu1j*"a:'
jt1et'i:"6"*'e)"-
  #c4 throw up (`f/"
  ? ,My sister threw up because she was
carsick4
  3`m0"m0"?'$"4'b!':1f/"c!a-
  #d4 refuse to ,V k|"k81h3""""
  ? ,The spokesman refused to comment on
that issue4
  kw'q>'t1gu1k|"k81d$"n>"e."*"f*1h3"b/'
py1c="-
  #e4 reply to''' r$1q/"/ r$1y""""
  ? ,The movie star hired an assistant
to help him reply to all his fan mail4
  a!"$"y`ey'k/"6"*'my1a/"c*`cw1ox'f>'r$1
q/"e3`s`qu`e:'d!acw1e?"-
  n>"i:"k!"a('m<"2w"c>'rv"dw"o*`d$"|1{"
d%"*'k)'e?'jv'fy'bx1et'kv`d%"ey'qu"- f>'
muahw"}`ix"cs"dt`/`i:1qu'd*`d>1c!agu1b%1
ru`d3'd!ajv'fy'2o*`|"8'i:1kt'h%`c!ai:1
qu'a&'- dw"o*`lv"a!ajw"dv'2k81dy"{"dt`
px1e+"2:1w"c>'dt`c!a*'l!"ns1pw1- dw"o*`
lw'i:`k?"i:1r("o/"ks`ot"kv`d%"!`e?'2oy"
p%`d%"e*`i(`kt'(`f/"- f>'r71*1n>"d%"rw`
et'o/"e?'et'2|1i:"o>`ky'c*`k{"d%"c!af>'
muaa3'px1- gv1:12f>'kt'bz'n>"d%"px1e+"
i:"e?'et'd!a2oy"k|"k81k0`dw"o*`d!ajv'dt`
d>`a!1-
  dw"o*`fw"iz'j*"c!a2e3`*`f>'*'r$1k)'ot"
k.'a!"kt"i:"q>'o/"hw"f>'d!a ,Facebook
ix"2p*'py1n>"k)'jv'fy'f*1k&'c!ah%'k%'d!a
i:1/"- f>'rw1pz'k*1n>"my1dt"ky'c*`!"c+"
d!afw"d/"- o/"ks`a:'r("2kw'jv'fy'c%`ov`
r$1q/"c!af>'d!af+'=1-
  f>'d%"jt"oy"i3'r$"ku'n>"my1dt"ky'c*`
fv1fv1- kz"ox"d!ai:"2f>'f*1k&'c!a*'ax'
l!`hw"kw'jv'fy'mt`q0"6"jv'd!as'r$"j~"k0`
dw"o*`l
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#bd =1*"e~`ft1
  ,The ,Joy of ,Kitesurfing1 an ,Ocean
,Enthusiast's ,Favorite ,Pastime0
  bz1a!aqz'az'b&'cx"j|"l

  by ,Mark ,Darvill
  ,Are you an ocean lover seeking a fun1
new water-based activity8 ,If so1 look
no further2 kitesurfing could be just
what you are searching for4
,Kitesurfing1 also known as
kiteboarding1 is fairly simple to
explain3 ,You stand on a surfboard while
being pulled along by a parachute whose
movements are 7#a---7 by the wind4 ,Many
people around the world regularly
participate in kitesurfing and consider
it one of the most exhilarating
activities out there4
  ,No one can say for sure exactly who
invented kitesurfing1 but it is thought
to have 7#b---7 in the late #bjth
century4 ,What we do know is that in the
#aihjs1 a pair of ,French brothers with
the surname ,Legaignoux produced and
7#c---7 the world's first inflatable
kite4
  ,Their design was revolutionary
because it enabled kitesurfers to launch
their kite in the water4 ,Following this
breakthrough1 kitesurfing began to grow
in 7#d---74
  ,As for the 7#e---7 required for
kitesurfing1 first and foremost1 you
will obviously need a kite4 ,Kitesurfing
kites come in a variety of types4
,Choosing which type of kite to use
7#f---7 on a participant's skill level
and size1 as well as wind conditions4
,In addition1 you will need a surfboard1
a harness1 and control bars4 ,A
kitesurfer's control bars act a lot like
the handlebars on a bicycle4 ,These bars
7#g---7 the surfer to the kite via
ropes1 which allow the surfer to control
their movement4
  ,Finally1 here comes a quick note
about choosing the 7#h---7 conditions
for kitesurfing4 ,The ability to read
weather 7#i---7 is vital because it
enables a kitesurfer to analyze wind
conditions and ocean swells4 ,Such
knowledge allows a kitesurfer to
7#aj---7 not only what type of kite and
surfboard to use but also whether going
kitesurfing on a particular day will be
safe or not4
  ,So1 now that you are all clued up on
kitesurfing1 what are you waiting for8
,The ocean beckons6 ,Take to the water
with a kite in hand6
  7,A7 connect    7,B7 affected
  7,C7 ideal      7,D7 function
  7,E7 patented   7,F7 depends
  7,G7 emerged    7,H7 determine
  7,I7 popularity 7,J7 outrageous
  7,K7 equipment  7,L7 forecasts

  7,A7 connect vt4 ct1k+1 & vi4 et1k+';
ct1k+'
  connect ,A to ,B k.' ,A |` ,B ct1k+1/
ct1k+'
  ? ,You can connect your device to a
computer with a ,,USB cable4
  n*`l!`*`6" ,,USB b}1i/'et"k.'n*`d!aa_'
a:"ct1k+'a:"dt"n%`-
  7,B7 affected a4 i("d%"y`e.`d!a;o/"h:"
gv1d!a
  affect vt4 y`e.`2h3`s"
  ? ,After the fight with her husband1
,Jill put on an affected smile and
greeted her guests4
  rv"et'iz'b%`k3"k)"r("2k*1:1dw"a!ao/"
h:"gv1d!a$1e{"y1k+'l!"gu1-
  ? ,The tide is affected by the
magnetic pull of the ,Earth4
  b%1e*"i("d%"d*"js1j:1c*"d!ay`e.`-
  7,C7 ideal a4 c*`e.`d!a2h$"r%`d!a & n4
c*`e.`
  ? ,Bali is an ideal destination for
relaxation4
  l!'c*`d%`i:"k!"gx"gu1qx"e&'d!ac*`e.`
d*"dt`-
  ? ,Many young people have lofty
ideals1 but they don't always live up to
them4
  e|`d3'nt1jy'gu1s`b&1k%'d!ac*`e.`2j8"
o/"*'dy"r$"i:1kt"f>'mua-
  7,D7 function n4 k&'nz1 & vi4 j*`h3"6"
  function as''' h3""""6"2j*`d%""""d!a
h3"6"
  ? ,The function of the ear is to hear4
  :`d3`d!ak&'nz1i:"fy'-
  ? ,This sofa can function as a
temporary bed when needed4
  a!"ax'i>'q>'hw"e|'{"i:1l!`*`dx'c?1i:1
b_1cw16"-
  7,E7 patent vt4 iu'jy`/ r3"d!1"""d!a
a}'c*"j~1
  ? ,You should patent your new
invention to protect your intellectual
property4
  n*`y'kw'$"n*`d!ae?'q>'my1iu'jy`a}'c*"
*`o%`ax"n*`d!aa:"r$"jw1bv`j~1-
  7,F7 depend vi4 j|`k81;*'cw"
  depend on''' j|`k81|1""";*'cw"/ *'
l%""""
  ? ,Your entrance into university
depends on your exam scores4
  n*`d!ad>"e81g/"e81{"i:"l%`i:"bz1k*':1
dy"-
  ? ,John depends on his parents for
everything4
  8'rv"qv1i:"d('*'cw"q/"m/`-
  7,G7 emerge vi4 b/'et";ey'j*`
  ? ,I just bought the cellphone last
week1 but some problems have emerged4
  3`ix"k!"c*`ow"jw1mw`a!"a:'i(`k*'2dv"
f>'*`ky'b/'et"*'e+'="f*1c!a-
  7,H7 determine vt4 k81dy"
  ? ,It is for the court to determine
whether the man is guilty4
  kw'nv1h:`i:"q(`s`h$"{"s1q>`~"cw1k81
dy"-
  7,I7 popularity n4 i("r}'y12cs1ey1
  ? ,Organic food has gained in
popularity over the past few years4
  s`k*'i:1p?`k?"nt1cw1kt"i("r}'y1-
  7,J7 outrageous a4 rw"gu1d!a;c*1p/`d!a
  ? ,It was foolish of ,Alex to pay such
an outrageous price for that ugly hat4
  w"c*"l!"e:'mw`e)"n>"dy`k$"d!1c*1p/`d!a
b(`m%"h:arw1au'i:"|1b=`-
  7,K7 equipment n4 a_'o0"26"k|"{o/"l!`
i/`o
  ? ,This camera is the most important
piece of equipment ,I have4
  a!"fw1e."k*'i:"3`m/"jt16`s`h$"a&"{"d!a
a_'o0"-
  7,L7 forecast n4 & vt4 |"o%"2|"j!"
  ev'fw"$133 forecast1 forecast/
forecasted1 forecast/ forecasted4
  ? ,Forecasts of economic growth are
being revised downward4
  ky'k*"bz1ax`d!a|"j!"az"o0"e)"es'-
  ? ,The weatherman forecast that it
would rain tomorrow4
  j*"e."o<"o%"~1|"o%"my1ft'k.'r$"e)"|`-
          33333333333333333333

    ~1cw1g/1j:`
  #a4 ,You stand on a surfboard while
being pulled along by a parachute whose
movements are affected by the wind4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s` be d&"j:1 are1 l&"k!1
r("s`k+"j:1 by1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"k*1
/"d&"j:1d!ak3"j|"qu'j:1ey1*`ey1bz1o0"d&"
|`fw"-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,B7 affected k*1 7,E7
patented q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2n*`av"
hw"*'k!"b&'cx"ov`ix"2o0"*'k!"*1d&"i("qz'
;-h3`s"-2 d!ar91e.1ev`f3'*"a!a2k/"d>1v"
y'e~` 7,B74
  #b4 ,No one can say for sure exactly
who invented kitesurfing1 but it is
thought to have emerged in the late
#bjth century4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1d!a have l!`h3"o{`et"hw"}1
bz1i:"d!aa/"d&"j:1r3"h3"k*1/"d&"j:12:1
l&"k!1r("s`k+"j:1 in1 k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"
g/"o/"k*1/"d&"j:1d!ak3"j|"qu'j:1ey1*`ey1
bz1et"hw"}1bz1i:"2r3"a:"g/"my1j:1h3"$1
k*1/"d&"j:1 have d!ai("j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,C7 ideal1 7,D7
function1 7,G7 emerged1 7,I7 popularity1
7,K7 equipment k*1 7,L7 forecasts q/1r!1
f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2m01s`gu1nz1lu`dy"d!a
i3'i:"i01q>'my1c!aqz'az'b&'cx"2dv"k|"e?"
f>';-b/'et"-2 |1:"i:1i:"k*"m<"2l!`a:'d>1
v"y'e~` 7,G74
  #c4 ,What we do know is that in the
#aihjs1 a pair of ,French brothers with
the surname ,Legaignoux produced and
patented the world's first inflatable
kite4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`k3"j|"i:"k*1/"d&"j:1
produced {a:"h%"o k*1d$"dz`ct1k+'j:1
and1 :1l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1j:1h/` the
world's first inflatable kite {i:"ix"d*"
*'k!"b&'j*"qz'az'o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"
cy"*'k3"j|"i:"k*1/"d&"j:1*`rv" produced
ey1bz1d$"dz`-
  b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,E7 patented q/1
r!1f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("o{` #aihj nt1dw"s`*'
d$"q>"k31d!acw1i:"e6'd*"a:"h%"c!ai:"ix"
d*"*'k!"b&'j*"qz'az'oy"$"j*1;-iu'jy`a}'
c*"-22k/"e~`a:'-
  #d4 ,Following this breakthrough1
kitesurfing began to grow in popularity4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`k+"j:1 in1 k/"a:'l&"k!1
y'a:"g/"my1j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,C7 ideal1 7,D7
function1 7,I7 popularity1 7,K7
equipment k*1 7,L7 forecasts q/1r!1f{1
kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2k*"a!"j:"f/1p<"a:'r("2qz'
az'b&'cx"d!a;-gu1j*"-2 ot"lw'i:`hz'ax`2
l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,I74
  #e4 ,As for the equipment required for
kitesurfing1 first and foremost1 you
will obviously need a kite4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`dy"k}"j:1 the1 l&"k!1r("
$1qu'j:1 required {e3`e|'d!ao2k/"a:'l&"
k!1y'a:"g/"my1j:1*`o0" required es'i:"-
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,C7 ideal1 7,D7
function1 7,K7 equipment k*1 7,L7
forecasts q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2a:"|1
qz'az'b&'cx"e3`e|'d!a;-a_'o0"-22i(`et'
n*`et`gv1r$"e|'{"*'k!"qz'az'2l!`a:'d>1v"
y'e~` 7,K74
  #f4 ,Choosing which type of kite to
use depends on a participant's skill
level and size1 as well as wind
conditions4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`d&"my1j:1pt"|` ,Choosing
which type of kite to use {e~`h!1i:`6"
r!1a&`qz'az'o h3"a/`j:12l&"k!1r("s`k+"
j:1 on1 s1|1ou`k|"j8'i%`a/`{"d&"j:1j+`
ou`d}"i:1fw"$1et"hw"i:"2k/"l&"k!1y'a:"
g/"et"hw"i:"d*"ev'gu1bz'dv'i/"o/"k*1/"
d&"j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'k?`s` 7,F7 depends q/1r!1
f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("o{`e~`h!1i:`6"r!1a&`qz'
az'{";-j|`k81-2 |1jv'|"a!`d!ak*"i/"dz`
k*1,f*`ey1*`k*1qz'l_"2k/"e~`a:'-
  #g4 ,These bars connect the surfer to
the kite via ropes1 which allow the
surfer to control their movement4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`h3"a/`j:1d!amy1j:1j:1h/`
,These bars {a!"e+'o>`i(`o2l&"k!1r("s`
h3"i("j:1d!amy1j:1j:1h/` the surfer {b&'
cx"a!`o2s1|1ou`d}"i:1fw"$1et"hw"i:"2k/"
a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"et"hw"i:"q/"i/"k*1/"d&"
j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'s` 7,A7 connect k*1 7,H7
determine q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2a!"e+'
o>`i(`f("k3"iz1e3`k.'b&'cx"a!`|`qz'az'
;-ct1k+1-22b&'cx"a!`ot"d!1*`l&"a:"f>'mua
d!ar31d&"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,A74
  #h4 ,Finally1 here comes a quick note
about choosing the ideal conditions for
kitesurfing4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`dy"k}"j:1 the1 l&"k!1r("
s`my1j:1 conditions {ft'j*"a_"l_"o2k/"
a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"ey1g&1j:1es'i:"
conditions4
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,C7 ideal k*1 7,J7
outrageous q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2h$"
r("2a!"c*`ru`l7"d!ai3'*'e)"e~`h!1;-c*`
e.`-2 ft'j*"k?"ey1qz'az'b&'cx"d!aa/"*"
i:"e."2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,C74
  #i4 ,The ability to read weather
forecasts is vital because it enables a
kitesurfer to analyze wind conditions
and ocean swells4
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1e3`hw"a:'b/"$1 to ?`d%`d!ao/"
dy"j:1pt"|`a&'2l&"k!1jt1s`k*1/"d&"j:1
read {pv"d/1o *`k*1my1j:1 weather {ft'
j*"o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"g/"my1j:1*`rv"
weather ey1bz1my1j:1j:1h/`2*`h3"$1 read
d!ai("j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'ix"s` 7,D7 function k*1
7,L7 forecasts q/1r!1f{1kt"2ku'k|"|`*"2
pv"d/1ft'j*";-|"o%"-2 d!anz1c*"ru`a&"{"2
?'$"a!"gx"qz'az'b&'cx"a!`nz1k("qu'e*'qz'
l_"k*1rw`cx"2l!`a:'d>1v"y'e~` 7,L74
  #aj4 ,Such knowledge allows a
kitesurfer to determine not only what
type of kite and surfboard to use'''
  c*`s1
  a4 l&"k!1jt1s`?`d%`o/"dy"j:1pt"|`d!a
to1 :1l&"k!1r("s`my1j:1h:`k|" what type
of kite and surfboard to use {{"i:`6"r!1
a&`qz'az'k*1b&'cx"ov`o2k/"a:'l&"k!1y'a:"
g/"~1ey1k*1/"d&"j:1-
  b4 e~`e."a&'k?`iz" 7,H7 determine q/1
r!1f{1kt"2a:"g/"r("o{`a!"c0"d!aa:'i:"i:`
qz'az'b&'cx"a!`d!1*`;-k81dy"-2 {"i:`6"
r!1a&`qz'az'k*1b&'cx"ov`2k/"e~`a:'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 pastime n4 e{'jt`2|1c!"
  ? ,Telling ghost stories was the kids'
favorite pastime in the #gth lunar
month4
  i3'k$`k/"i:"i:"n>"e+'rw1h:ahw"n&1c*"
j*'8"i:1h$"w"d!a|1c!"-
  #b4 revolutionary a4 k!1my"ey"d!a
  ? ,The #bjth century saw revolutionary
advances in medicine4
  :"i:1i:"k*"c*"ky'c!a*'e81cy`|"d!ak!1
my"ey"k?"av`-
  #c4 launch vt4 i:`iz'l&';q>'i!"
  ? ,The scientists launched a rocket
with a communications satellite on it4
  a!"e+'l!'e81k)'q>'i!"c!a*'m01d>'hw"a!a
f&'e4"$"ey'd!ar3`kt"-
  #d4 breakthrough n4 f/1p<"2a&"d>"k?"
av`
  ? ,The medicine was regarded as a
breakthrough in the treatment for
cancer4
  a!"a&`{"o0"gu"$1i:"a:"c{1w1az"d!a*'e."
f/1p<"-
  #e4 participant n4 jv'|"a!`2jv'k)'a!`
  ? ,Each participant in the tour will
get a souvenir from the ,Disneyland
park4
  a!"j:"c|`ey1d!ajv'k)'a!`d('r$"d!1d%"*'
k!"d*1i:"n*1c!"~1d!ak*"nt"p?`-
  #f4 analyze vt4 qu'e*'
  ? ,The student analyzed the images and
metaphors in the poem4
  n>"$"f&1e81qu'e*'c!aa!"i(`i:'c*`d!a*"
e."rv"?`|"-
  #g4 beckon vi4 & vt4 a%"r}";{a%'i(`o
i:"*"
  beckon 7to7 sb to ,V {a%'i(`o i:"*"m(`
gu1{h3"o"""
  ? ,Timmy beckoned to the waiter to
come and take our order4
  f*1m*`a%'i(`i:"*"q/1/"iz'k3"cw1$"3`mua
dt`jv'-
  ? ,I tried to beckon my cat over1 but
it just ignored me4
  3`i:"f/1a%'i(`k{"3`d!am%'k3"cw12dv"f>'
o/"c*`3`-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 look no further 7than'''7 o/"6"d%"
o+1b/"a%`c!a{a%`/ lv"/ d%""""ks"d$"c!ao
  ? ,Need a safe and fun place to spend
time with your kids8 ,Then look no
further6
  e|'{"*'k!"l!`*`dw"e{`rw1j|"d!av'j~1s"
r%`}1d!ad*"qx'm>ao n>"m!ao/"6"d%"o+1b/"
a%`c!al
  ? ,If you need help with your math
homework1 look no further than ,Marcy4
  g/1k3`n*`d!ai/"e81h3"+"e|'{"gu1ox'mx12
a%`m>`e*'ks"d$"c!a-
  #b4 participate in''' jv'|"/ jv'k)'"""
  ? ,Mr4 ,Stinson encouraged all the
students to participate in the class
discussion4
  i:`fy'eu'c%`i:'k/`c*"e3`s`e81iz'jv'|"
l!"fx1f%`c="-
  #c4 enable sb/ sth to ,V i:`m(`gu1/
m(`/"nz1"""
  ? ,Reading newspapers enables you to
keep pace with the times4
  8"d/1o%"a:`nz1i:`n*`ku'ix"i:1dw"d!ao/"
q>'-
  #d4 ,First and foremost1''' i(`{"d!a
i:"2"""
  ? ,First and foremost1 we should make
customers happy4
  i(`{"d!ai:"23`muay'kw'{"gx"k/"l!"k%'
ey"-
  #e4 be clued up on/ about''' d$""""e3`
a:'iu"d3'
  ? ,You can ask for ,Kristine's opinion
about that4 ,She's really clued up on
psychology4
  n*`l!`*`="="l!"c*"e:'fy'd$"n>"kt"i:"
d!a*"kt"- f>'ru`d&`e?'c*`e81-
  #f4 take to+ d*"qx' j|""""{d*"qx'o
  ? ,We took to the mountains to escape
the city4
  3`muad%"iv'ix"~`c*1d/'i:"bu1e{'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o enthusiast n4 g!"a&'a!`
  {o surfboard n4 b&'cx"ov`
  {o parachute n4 r91e.1ev`2k."c3"ev`
  {o exhilarating a4 i:`gu1k*'d&"/ ey"
k%'jw`c+"d!a
  {o surname n4 ey"i:"
  {o inflatable a4 {e|'o b&'j*"d!a
  {o harness n4
  {o>`gu1k/"dy"hw"*'b/"r3"qx1a:`a$"c3"
d!ao e*"dw"
  {o handlebars n4 {h:"ey1b!'r3"m<1f3'
b!'d!ao o>`i(`{*'ov'6"q/"i/"o
  {o via prep4 f("k3"2k+"s1
  {o swell n4 cx"6`2rw`mt"d!aj*`q/1
          33333333333333333333

    bz1a!aqz'az'b&'cx"j|"l
  n*`i:"k!"az"hw"e41a%`r%`}1e?'ey1i$`ix"
r31d&"d!arw`.1w"r%"a!`m>ao g/1k3`i:"d!a
r9"2n>"o/"6"a%`c!a;qz'az'b&'cx"l!`nz1ks"
i:"n*`hw"e41m*"d!a- qz'az'b&'cx"
7kitesurfing1 s"bz' kiteboarding7 e.'dx'
g&1*"k+`i:"33n*`av"hw"*'k!"b&'cx"ov`ix"2
o0"*'k!"*1d&"i("qz'h3`s"d!ar91e.1ev`f3'
*"a!a- i:"k+"k!"d*"s`e|`d3'gu1ky'bx1jv'
|"qz'az'b&'cx"2oy"i:"f>'$1i:"ix"h$"j:"
k*'r}'c!"d!ar31d&"a:'*'-
  m01s`gu1nz1lu`dy"d!ai3'i:"i01q>'my1c!a
qz'az'b&'cx"2dv"k|"e?"f>'b/'et"|1:"i:1
i:"k*"m<"- 3`muae3`a:'d%"d!ai:"2 #aihj
nt1dw"s`*'d$"q>"k31d!acw1i:"e6'd*"a:"h%"
c!ai:"ix"d*"*'k!"b&'j*"qz'az'oy"$"j*1iu'
jy`a}'c*"- f>'muad!ai!"k*"k|"s`k!1my"
ey"2?'$"f>'gx"qz'az'b&'cx"a!`nz1hw"i$`
a&'qx"q0'qz'az'- k*"a!"j:"f/1p<"a:'r("2
qz'az'b&'cx"d!agu1j*"ot"lw'i:`hz'ax`-
  a:"|1qz'az'b&'cx"e3`e|'d!aa_'o0"2i(`
et'n*`et`gv1r$"e|'{"*'k!"qz'az'- qz'az'
b&'cx"d!aqz'az'a&`c0"qv1d3'- e~`h!1i:`6"
r!1a&`qz'az'{"j|`k81|1jv'|"a!`d!ak*"i/"
dz`k*1,f*`ey1*`k*1qz'l_"- j:`7"2n*`rw1
r$"e|'{"*'k!"b&'cx"ov`,*'k!"{'dw"rv"l&"
a:"o>`i(`- qz'az'b&'cx"a!`d!al&"a:"o>`
i(`k&'nz1|`k{`f>"b!'d!ao>`i(`i:1qu'e.'
e."- a!"e+'o>`i(`f("k3"iz1e3`k.'b&'cx"
a!`|`qz'az'ct1k+12b&'cx"a!`ot"d!1*`l&"
a:"f>'muad!ar31d&"-
  h$"r("2a!"c*`ru`l7"d!ai3'*'e)"e~`h!1
c*`e.`ft'j*"k?"ey1qz'az'b&'cx"d!aa/"*"
i:"e."- pv"d/1ft'j*"|"o%"d!anz1c*"ru`a&"
{"2?'$"a!"gx"qz'az'b&'cx"a!`nz1k("qu'e*'
qz'l_"k*1rw`cx"- a!"c0"d!aa:'i:"o/"k?`
i:`qz'az'b&'cx"a!`d!1*`k81dy"{"i:`6"r!1
a&`qz'az'k*1b&'cx"ov`2rw1nz1pv"d}"hw"m(`
*'ft'j|"qz'az'b&'cx"i:"q(`v'j~1-
  e3`*`2k*"gv1n*`*`ky'd&`qz'az'b&'cx"
c!a2n>"n*`rw1hw"dz`i!1m!an!ao d>"rw`hw"
a%"r}"n*`c!al dw"a!aqz'az'e)"i$`o>al

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,B #b4 ,G #c4 ,E #d4 ,I
#e4 ,K #f4 ,F #g4 ,A #h4 ,C #i4 ,L #aj4
,H
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#be bx1pt'8"d/1
  ,The ,History of ,Clothing and ,Fabric
  o/"o/"ky'e?' k/`k?'*'c{"d>"e('b>1
  qu'j:1k|"k("33q/"j:1h:`k|"r9"kt`q>`

  by ,Lauren ,Mc,Carthy
  ,Every day1 one of the first things
you probably do is put on clothes4 ,You
probably choose an outfit that reflects
your personality and is unique to you4
,Today1 there is so much variety in
fashion and clothing choices that you
are unlikely to see someone wearing the
same thing unless you are in a uniform4
,But do you ever wonder how we got to
this point8
  ,What did clothing use to be like8
  ,Archaeologists aren't sure when
humans started wearing clothing1 but it
was definitely before permanent
settlements1 which arose in the
,Neolithic era4 ,The earliest clothes
were made of fur1 leather1 leaves1 or
grass that would have been simply draped
or tied around the body4 ,These items
would have been worn for protection from
the elements and not for style4
  ,Textiles have been around for tens of
thousands of years4 ,In ,Georgia1 dyed
woven flax fibers that have been found
are roughly #cf1jjj years old4 ,Since
then1 other natural weaves have emerged
over the years4 ,Linen1 cotton1 wool1
and silk all slowly appeared over the
millennia1 as progress was made in
spinning and weaving techniques4
  ,The simplest type of woven clothing
was uncut fabric which was just wrapped
around the body1 like a sari1 or belted
into place1 like a kilt4 ,Other items
were roughly cut and sewn1 but didn't
have much shape1 like the toga or tunic4
,As time went on1 people began layering
these items of clothing1 for style as
well as practical reasons4
  ,Over time1 new methods of dying1
weaving1 and embroidery meant there were
more intricate designs and luxurious
fabrics4 ,Outfit designs became more
complex and could be tailored for
individuals4 ,One of the biggest changes
came about because of the ,Industrial
,Revolution1 which made fabric more
cheaply available4 ,This
industrialization is why we have
hundreds of shops to choose from and why
we can pick up and throw out clothing as
it suits us4
  `# ou`k|"$1 8used to ,V0 d!a="k|"2
8used to ,V0 o{`;-k3"j|"bx1bx1/ jz1
ky'"""{dv"et"hw"o/"hw"g/1j:`o-22ey1bz1="
k|"i:12f&'bx1i:`6" 8,Did+ ,S+ use to+ ~1
ey1d&"j:1o04
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 fabric n4 a:'/"2o/"c{"
  ? ,This cotton fabric is a perfect
choice for babies4
  a!"a&`mt1a:'/"i:"k0`o%`o%`d!a}1m0`e~`
h!1-
  #b4 reflect vt4 qv`y";et`i:"
  ? ,That reality show reflects the
values of most young people4
  n>"k!"i:1ky"k+1m/"qv`y"b/'d>"d3'i/"nt1
jy'gu1d!ak)"a:1k}'-
  #c4 permanent a4 6`ks`d!a
  ? ,The burns left a permanent scar on
,Al's leg4
  n>"e+'i%'ix'd!aru1k*'hw"w":`d!af$`ix"
cs1e)"*'d%"6`ks`d!ao>'ru1-
  #d4 arise vi4 q>'iz';bv`iz' ev'fw"$133
arise1 arose1 arisen4
  ? ,You need to stay calm when an
emergency situation arises4
  k?`k*1a_"l_"q>'iz'i:12n*`e|'{"o%`b:1
cz`ky"-
  #e4 drape vt4 {6"o/"c{"dz`o p*'kw"/
a_'i:"
  ? ,Tom came out of the bathroom with
just a towel draped around him4
  fx'm/`h(`b/'|"i:"2iu'ix"a:`$1c!a*'f{1
|"k?'-
  #f4 textile n4 qx`a:'p?`
  ? ,The textile industry in that
country is facing many challenges due to
a declining economy4
  s1|1ky'k*"i7'c3"2n>"k!"k31k)'d!aqx`a:'
+"az"mt"c?1e|`d3'f{`av"-
  #g4 emerge vi4 b/'et"
  ? ,The firefighter emerged from the
building carrying the woman's baby4
  e{'qx1~1o%"a!an>"my1n|`h:`d!ao%`o%`j&1
d>"c(1a&'et"iu'-
  #h4 spin vi4 & vt4 qx`{et"o ev'fw"$133
spin1 spun1 spun4
  ? ,We visited the textile museum and
saw how people spin wool into yarn4
  3`muajv'k}'qx`a:'p?`o<1/"k}`2lv"gu1mua
g/1r!1o>`m%1et"qx`bz1i>'-
  #i4 sew vt4 qz1gu" ev'fw"$133 sew1
sewed1 sewed/ sewn4
  ? ,Monica sewed a button onto her
shorts so she could wear them again4
  m<"n*1l>`k.'d}`l/"qz1ix"*'l!'l("h:a2
a!"m!a*'cw1f>'s"nz1b}'c!a-
  #aj4 layer vt4 k.'"""qu'jz1d$'d+1
  ? ,Charlie layered the vegetables and
chicken on the bread to make a sandwich4
  b>1c*`k.'i/'jw"|`k*'g("d+1qx"hw"mt"o%'
ix"2a=`o0"h3"*'k!"ev'my1a:"-
  #aa4 practical a4 i:16"d!a
  ? ,You can learn practical skills at
the scouting camp1 such as how to tie
knots and build fires4
  n*`hw"f&1k4'y1nz1e81d%"i:16"d!ak*"nz12
e."i:"g/1r!1k+1iz1k*1iz'r3`-
  #ab4 luxurious a4 i!'r91d!a2r91c*"i/'
i:"d!a
  ? ,Though deeply in debt1 ,Liz still
wears designer suits and drives a
luxurious car4
  k?`k}`t1a&"q/"aw"2c*"h:'gz1iu'b}'my1
pw1q/1a_',lw'k%'k*1d!ab!'-
  #ac4 tailor vt4 ku'k|"f!"dy"e|'{"a:"
h3"2dy"a:"
  ? ,This device can be tailored to meet
the users' needs4
  a!"k!"a_'a:"nz1au'd$"i:`6"a!`d!ae|'js1
c."iu'd>`h%"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 put on'''/ put''' on b}'/ dw"
ix""""{*',m%",e+1,9",i:"p?`dz`l!`p0"dw"
hw"iu'ix"d!ad&'e*ao
  take off'''/ take''' off f3'e)""""
  ? ,Put on your bathing suit and let's
go swimming4
  b}'ix"n*`d!a6`a_'23`muaj|"s16`o>a-
  #b4 be unique to''' $""""e3`f!"s`/ d/1
s`d!a
  ? ,As with fingerprints1 handwriting
is unique to each individual person4
  ks"e."a:`=1*'."2m0`k!"gu1d!ah:"k*'d('
i:"d/1*'/1:"d!a-
  #c4 be made of sth s1m(`/"h3"bz1{~1jw1
c{"oy"$"}1j~1kw`ot":1gz1l!`pv"d}"$"r!1
/"o
  be made from sth
  s1m(`/"h3"bz1{~1c{"*`}1j~1kw`ot":1/1
q>`pv"d}"$1r!1/"o
  ? ,The water bottle is partly made of
plastic4
  a!"k!"i$`py1s`o/"qu"i:"e/"k{'a:"d!a-
  ? ,This facial cream is made from
natural plant extracts and is suitable
for sensitive skin4
  a!"a&`mt"i_'i:"s1ft'gv1a:1/"j$"j|`:1
bz12i:"r!1m?`kv`ey"k*'q/'-
  #d4 come about bv`iz';q>'iz'
  ? ,Hostels came about because of the
need for affordable places to stay while
traveling4
  jy'nt1c|`i!"d!ab/'et"i:"?'$"gu1muahw"
c|`ey1i:1e|'{"s`q/"dv'd!aj*`d!ac3"k{`
b/"-
  #e4 pick up'''/ pick''' up k("mw`"""
  ? ,Pick up some groceries on your way
home4
  n*`r$1k)'i:1i="c/"mw`dt`i:1p?`h>1r3"
o>a-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o outfit n4 {s1a:`hw"f!"i/'bx1rv"b}'
a31d!ao j~1f%"q/1a_'
  {o archaeologist n4 l%`k/`e81k)'
  {o settlement n4 dy"k|'{d*"o
  {o the ,Neolithic era/ time/ period
e?'i:1j*"i:1dw"
  .k the ,New ,Stone ,Age
  ,Neolithic a4 e?'i:1j*"i:1dw"d!a
  {o the elements {s1a:`o/"r%`d!ao ft'
j*"{rz16"q/"i/"o
  {o dye vt4 k.'"""gv`e!"{ou`=1$1k3"j|"
qu'j:1h3"ey1g&1j:16"o
  {o flax n4 )"m>1
  {o millennia n4 i/"jt'nt1
  millennium n4 *'jt'nt12jt'nt1j*1
  {o embroidery n4 j:"es"
  {o intricate a4 ky'e*"d!a2q/"h>1d!a
  {o ,Industrial ,Revolution k&'+"k!1my"
  {o industrialization n4 k&'+"r9"
          33333333333333333333

  n*`m0`ft'h$"et'h3"d!ai:"l!`nz1i:"b}'*'
q/1- n*`l!`nz1r$"e~`h!1*'f%"nz1qv`y"b/'
n*`k!"ey",oy"j+`i:"n*`d/1s`d!aa_'i/"-
hw"a!"nt1f(12b/1q0'i:"a:"q/12q(`h!1hw"
g/1j:`d3'd!acs1ey1k*1q/1a_'e~`h!1a:'e)"2
n*`o/"fw"l!`nz1r$"lv"d%"s`gu1d('b}'*'."-
o/"k3"n*`i:"q(`jz1n>"mu"23`muai:"g/1r!1
h(`d%"a!"*'o/"d!an!ao *`jt1d!aq/1a_'i:"
i!1m!a."h:ao
  l%`k/`e81k)'o/"j8"dy"gu1c0"r!1i:1lw'
i:`b}'*'q/12dv"lu`dy"i:"h%`|16`ks`k|"c3"
b/'et"d!ai:1r("2a!"a&`k|"c3"|1e?'i:1j*"
i:1dw"ey'j*`- h$"h%`d!a*'q/1i:"6"d&"/"
m%1p*1,p*1k!1,i/"+"r3"j%`a:"bz12oy"kt`
dv'd!ap*'r3"ox`hw"iu'ix"- b}'dw"a!"e+'
d&'e*ai:"$"c!aqx1|"!"c+"d!aft'j*"2:1q0'
$"c!ah%"ey1-
  qx`a:'p?`*`j=1hw"i/"}"nt1a:'ks`- hw"
j{1a:")"{k31k)'o q>'et"d!agv`e!"qx`a:')"
m>1et'$18's`ev'}"cs"jt'nt1d!ac*"i:`- h:"
n>"i:1j*`2e$1a!ae$"8"d!aky'k3"s"b/'et"
c!aj*1f>'d!aft'gv1qx`a:'p?`- hw"qx`et"
k*1ot'a:'k*"i/"a/1kt"k?"o/"a:'i:12)"m>1
o/",mt1o/",m%1a:'/"k*1e:'b(1hw"i/"jt'nt1
n0"j~1d('mv"mv"b/'et"c!a-
  h$"kt`dv'd!aa:'o/"q/1a_'c0"ey1i:"k?`
k.'$"kt`jw1d!aa:'/"k3`hw"iu'ix"{e."i:"
i>'c*"o2r3"i:"6"p*1dw"k/"dy"a/"{e."e/'
k!1cv1j41o- j*1f>'d!aa:`s`d>"a:"kt`jw1
k*1qz1a:"2dv"m01s`i!1m!aey1a_"{e."f3'k)'
p%1r3"bx1p%1o- e$1a!ai:1kt'd!af$'*12gu1
mualw'i:`$"c!ah%"ey1*`k*1i:16"d!ac*`s1:1
k.'a!"e+'q/1a_'d+1b}'-
  nt1q/"*'nt12e?'d!agv`e!",ot'a:'k*1j:"
es"q>`a:"i:`kz"d3'ky'e*"d!ai!"k*"rv"i!'
r91o/"c{"="i:"- q/1a_'i!"k*"ot"d!akz"k)'
q/"h>12rw1nz1$"k!"gu1c.1iu'dy"h3"- h$"
d>"d!akw`ot"a:'*'d!ab/'et"~1h:"k&'+"k!1
my"2f>'i:`o/"c{"nz1k("*`kz"pt1*1d!ak)"
k!1j|`d!1- 3`muaet"hw"a:'e3`*`s`i/"ow`
k)'dt"l!`k&'e~`h!12rw1nz1e$1e?'e3`|"d!a
k("mw`k*1ds'j*"*'q/12d('i:"?'$"a!"bx`k&'
+"r9"d!a~1k/"-
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

  #c/#bf
  ,The fabrics in our everyday lives can
be roughly divided into four categories3
  ,A
  ,Synthetic
  e4 g4 nylon1 polyester1 and spandex
  ,Synthetic fabrics are materials that
are manufactured in factories using
combinations of different chemicals4
,They are more durable and long-lasting
than natural fibers4 ,However1 they are
often less porous and can bother the
skin1 especially if worn for too long4
,Also1 they are not biodegradable and
are a source of microplastic pollution4
  ,B
  ,Semi-synthetic
  e4 g4 rayon1 modal1 and seacell
  ,Semi-synthetic fabrics are
manufactured textiles that are made from
natural raw materials4
  ,They are only partially degraded by
chemical processes4 ,The earliest semi-
synthetic was rayon4 ,Created from wood
pulp1 it was designed to mimic silk and
is sometimes referred to as artificial
silk4 ,Other fabrics in this category
include modal1 which comes from beech
trees1 and seacell1 from seaweed4
  ,C
  ,Plant-based
  e4 g4 cotton and linen
  ,Plant-based fabrics are made using
natural fibers4 ,Two of the most common
plant-based fabrics are cotton and
linen1 which are made from the cotton
plant and flax
plant1 respectively4 ,These textiles are
extremely breathable1 but wear down over
time4 ,Clothing made with plant-based
fabric may shrink1 stretch out1 or fade4
  ,D
  ,Animal-based
  e4 g4 wools1 fur1 and leather
  ,Animal-based fabrics are made using
natural fibers4 ,These include various
wools1 including cashmere and angora1
and silk4 ,Animal-based textiles also
include fur and leather4 ,While these
fabrics can be very expensive1 they can
also be very long-lasting4 ,However1
most are plagued by ethical issues4
,Silk often involves boiling the
silkworms1 while the practice of
mulesing--cutting away the skin around
a sheep's anus--is sometimes practiced
on wool farms4
          33333333333333333333

  #a4 ,Which of the following was ,,NOT
mentioned in the passage8
  7,A7 ,Pros and cons of different
fabrics4
  7,B7 ,What materials were first worn
by people4
  7,C7 ,The evolution of textiles
throughout history4
  7,D7 ,The cost of various textiles
throughout history4
  #b4 ,Joey got some socks last winter4
,They breathe well but have worn down
and become less stretchy after being
frequently washed4 ,Which category in
the day #b passage might these socks
fall into8
  7,A7 ,A 7,B7 ,B 7,C7 ,C 7,D7 ,D
  #c4 ,Sandra is looking for a silky
fabric for a new dress4 ,Her ideal
choice would be a more natural and
animal-free material4 ,Which category in
the day #b passage would best suit her
needs8
  7,A7 ,A 7,B7 ,B 7,C7 ,C 7,D7 ,D
  #d4 ,Please quote a sentence from day
#a to explain the purposes of the
earliest clothes in history and decide
which categories in day #b they should
belong to4
  ? ,Day #a3 --------
  ? ,Day #b3 --------
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 category n4 c0"o+12a&`c0"
  ? ,Head injuries fall into two
categories3 external and internal4
  f(1o/"ix'rw"l!`qu'bz1c.`k!"a&`c0"337"
o/"rv"n0"o/"ix'rw"-
  #b4 manufacture vt4 {6"k*'j*"d>"c."o
iz'bv`/ a:"h%"
  ? ,Blood can only come from donors
since it cannot be manufactured4
  e8"+"a:`nz1j&1k~'hz"a!`iu'ix"j|`d!12?'
$"f>'/1q>`6"k*'j*"a:"h%"-
  #c4 combination n4 h/`r!12r="r!1
  ? ,Martha used a combination of spices
in her stew4
  m>`i>'hw"f>'d!ad="jw"c*`k)'g/"c!ar="
r!1e.'c{"-
  #d4 durable a4 nw"6"d!a
  ? ,This high-grade paper is thicker
and more durable than other types of
paper4
  e.'k{"|1j*1f>'a:`ax'a&`c0"2a!"l}`k%'
k*1a:`o*`k{"r(":1j+`kz"nw"6"-
  #e4 long-lasting a4 b:1ks`d!a
  ? ,I'll go for this battery because
it's more long-lasting than other
brands4
  3`r$"e~`h!1a!"l}`dt"b:12?'$"f>'o*`j*1
f>'p?`pw1d!arw1{"b:1ks`-
  #f4 bother vt4 i:`fz1f&"
  ? ,Evan decided to see the dentist
because his tooth was bothering him a
lot4
  w"qv1k81dy"j|"lv")1*'2?'$"f>'*'a:1iu'
i(")1f&"e3`l/`-
  #g4 partially adv4 o/"qu"d!a
  ? ,The front bumper of my car was
partially damaged in the accident4
  3`b!'h:ad!ajt1o%`et`kv`hw"i:"k/"a&'o/"
qu"r$`e=`c!a-
  #h4 degrade vt4 & vi4 {i:`o qu'k+`
  ? ,The toilet paper is better for the
environment because it degrades easily4
  a!"a&`j!"e3`6"a:`d$"r}1ky"o*`k{"r%`2?'
$"f>'ru`g&1*"qu'k+`-
  #i4 mimic vt4 e81"""d!a."h:a;m<1qx`
  ? ,The robot arm was programmed to
mimic the movements of a human arm4
  n>"k!"k*'e+"i(`o0"o0"i!"dy"cw1m<1qx`
gu1c0"i(`o0"d!ar31d&"-
  #aj4 artificial a4 gu1h%"d!a
  ? ,Artificial flowers are usually made
of plastic4
  gu1h%"r9'f&'bx1i:"e/"k{'a:"-
  #aa4 respectively adv4 qu'o+1d!a2k!"
h:"d!a
  ? ,The red bike and blue bike belong
to ,Dan and ,Luke respectively4
  n>"c."r&1e!"k{`f>"b!'|`cv1e!"k{`f>"b!'
qu'o+1i:">"dv'rv"c/"l!"d!a-
  #ab4 shrink vi4 e3'e{`
  ev'fw"$133 shrink1 shrank1 shrunk4
  ? ,That ,T-shirt seemed to have shrunk
in the drier4
  n>"kt" ,T e|"e:"r/'hw"r&'kv'k*'c*`e3'
e{`c!a-
  #ac4 plague vt4 l="g%`2a!1m<1
  be plagued with'''
  i("d%""""d!al="g%`2?'""":1l/`n%`
  ? ,Though ,Jerry was plagued with
financial problems1 he still managed to
survive4
  k?`k}`k+1g$"s`jw1/"l="nv12f>'gz1i!"q>`
fy`k3"j|"c!a-
  #ad4 ethical a4 k}'|1c=1c*`d!a;r!1r/'
d%"d!1d!a
  ? ,Cloning was a breakthrough in
science1 yet there are ethical problems
related to it4
  iz'/"q/"a:"i:"l!'e81ix"d!a*'d>"f/1p<"2
gv1:1j*1a&'ix"s`e.'k}'d!ac=1c*`="f*1-
  ,Ivy e61e{`o*`k*"
  *`e)"$1ou`=1a&'b/'et"d!aa:'/"k*1et'$1
e.'k}'my1j:133
  ? fur n4 m%1p*1
  ? leather n4 p*1k!1
  ? fiber n4 et'$1
  ? linen n4 )"m>1o/"
  ? cotton n4 mt1o/";mt1r9'
  ? wool n4 {.1,f/",m%1ns1,jv1dz`d!ao
d&"/"m%1/ e:'
  ? silk n4 e:'{b(1o
  ? sari n4 {?"d/"q/"n|`6"*`k3`iu'd!ao
i>'c*"
  ? kilt n4 a!1kt"d}`j41{e/'k!1cv1nv1h:`
d!ab}1f&`q/1i:"o
  ? toga n4 f3'k)'p%1{k/`c31m>`gu1b}'d!a
l}'e&'bx1p%1o
  ? tunic n4 {k/`gu1b}'d!a*'a&`o bx1p%1
  ? nylon n4 n*1c&1
  ? polyester n4 k|"a:`et'$1
  ? spandex n4 v'c=1
  ? rayon n4 c01y12gu1h%"e:'
  ? modal n4 m<"dw":`
  ? seacell n4 rw`h%`et'$1
  ? cashmere n4 l!"i:1m*`:`.1m%12iv'.1
g&1
  ? angora n4 6"v'k!'c>'f/"m%1/ .1m%1a:"
bz1d!am%1et"/ a:'/"
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 divide ,A into ,B k.' ,A qu'bz1 ,B
  ? ,The large project was divided into
five parts and assigned to several
people4
  n>"e."px1d>"d!ak*"r9"o0"qu'$1/`k!"o/"
qu"oy"qu'pw"k0`*'e+'gu1-
  #b4 refer to ,A as ,B o>` ,A bz'h3" ,B
  ? ,As the head chef of a five-star
restaurant1 ,Mike doesn't like to be
referred to as just a cook4
  iu'$1*'k)'/`ey'k*1jv'fy'a/`b/12mw"l!"
o/"e*`r}'o0"i3'a:`i:"k!"b/1i:'-
  #c4 wear down m<1e=`2a/1kt"m<1py1
  ? ,I had to buy new jogging shoes
because my old pair wore down4
  3`o*"e|'mw`e?'d!amv"p%`e+12?'$"3`ks"
d!an>"i_'m<1e=`c!a-
  #d4 cut away'''/ cut''' away j+'b/1"""
  ? ,Julie cut away the burnt part of
the cake before putting on the icing4
  hw"m<`ix"fx1i_'a:'jt12a/'c*"k.'dv"k%'
i%'k{'d!ao/"qu"j+'b/1-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o synthetic a4 r!1bz1d!a
  semi-synthetic a4 ov"r!1bz1d!a
  {o porous a4 f("j*"/ i$`d!a;nz1iu"f("
d!a
  {o biodegradable a4 iz'/"nz1qu'k+`d!a
  {o microplastic n4 e/"k{'$1c*"
  {o a raw material ~1c{"
  {o pulp n4 k.'a_"/"
  {o beech n4 k|`m/"2iv'm%1k|`
  {o breathable a4 {*'q/1o f("j*"d!a
  {o silkworm n4 jv1
  {o mulesing n4 k!'p*1qx1y1q>`{*'a&`$1
qx1a:`y1c0"bv`c}`hw".1a:'p*1q/'ix"2:1hw"
$"m>1h$".1d!ajy1l_"e)"k.'j*1f=1o/"p*1g("
k!'b/1d!ah3"q>`o
  {o anus n4 kx'mu1
  {o pros and cons {m(`i:"/"d!ao c*"o*"
d!1i:'
  {o evolution n4 t`ot"2a/1o/"q>'av`
  {o stretchy a4 s`fv1ey"d!a2l!`iu'e3'
d!a
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  woven a4 ot'a:'d!a
  ? ,The aborigines of this area are
known for their beautiful woven fabrics4
  a!"k!"d*"j|'d!a~1a/"m?1?'j*1m0`c*"d!a
a:'/":1=1my1-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%" weave h3"d&"j:1k*1my1j:1
d!a6"q>`33
  h3"d&"j:17ev'fw"$133 weave1 weaved/
wove1 weaved/ woven73
  a4 o{`;-ot'a:'-2-
  ? ,Beth wove a scarf for her
granddaughter4
  o0"e:'$"f>'d!ae='n|`a:'c!a*'f{1$1k?'-
  b4 o{`;-ot'h%"2ot'h}`-2-
  ? ,John weaved a series of lies to
cover up his guilt4
  8'rv"ot'a:'c!a*'ct1b}"d!ar_`t1cw1t`i:"
f>'d!ah$"ey1-
  c4 o{`;-|'r$1{b}'b>'o ey1k?"-2-
  ? ,Alan had to weave his way through
the crowd to get to the other end of the
mall4
  >"c=1d0`b}'k3"gu1j41jw1nz1d%"d>1k("/"
a&'e?'d!acy"*'f(1-
  ? ,It's dangerous to weave in and out
of traffic4
  i!1ey1b}'8"b!'au"ru`$1et`-
  h3"my1j:133
  d4 o{`;-ot'a:'i:".";a:'q>`-2-
  ? ,Lucy learned how to create that
fine weave from her grandmother4
  c/"e*'j&17"p<1n>":1e81d%"c!ag/1r!1ot'
a:'b/'n>"a&`ky'e*"d!a."i:"-

    ,More to ,Learn
  e4 g4 c*"g/17.k for example7
  ? ,I love all kinds of sweet food1 e4
g4 cake1 candy1 and milk shakes4
  3`w"k!"a&`ft1i:12c*"g/1dv"k%',fx1k3`
rv"nw`e*1-

----------------------------------------
  *`e)"k+"i%"j*1f>'k*`k!"bx1kt"d!ae3'e+`
k*16"q>`33
  a4 aka s"my12*"bz'7.k also known as7
  ? ,My favorite singer is ,Stefani
,Germanotta1 aka ,Lady ,Gaga4
  3`h$"e*`r}'d!ak!'i(`i:"i:`d*"qu'
n*1-k+1:`m>`n3"f>`2s"my1n|`iu1l>`l>`-
  b4 i4 e4 +`ks"i:"7.k that is7
  ? ,Our average annual rainfall is #bj
inches1 i4 e41 #ej.h centimeters4
  3`muad!apy1k4'nt1k."|`c."$1:"i:1y'j="2
*"k*1 #ej.h k&'qu'-
  c4 vs prep4 {o*`ew"/ e/"e&"a&'o"""
d$"""";|`"""e.'o*`/ e.'d$"7.k versus7
  ? ,The ,Foreman vs ,Ali fight was one
of the best in boxing history4
  q/1:`mv"d$"lx">"c*`a:'av"i:"j~1k*1i:`
ix"h$"ky'jw`d!ao*`ew"a:'*'-
  d4 etc4 dz`dz`7.k et cetera7
  ? ,Helen has been to many countries1
like ,Sweden1 ,Japan1 ,Thailand1 etc4
  rw`c=1j|"k3"e|`d3'k31k)'2e."i:"g$"dt`,
g:"ou`rv"fw"k31dz`-
  e4 p4 +"7.k page7 7q/"i/"ey1$1 pp4.k
pages7
  ? ,Let's move on to the ,Stone ,Age1
which is on pp4 #h-aa in your book4
  3`muak+'a!acw1lv"i:1j*"i:1dw"2hw"n*`
mual!"ou`d!ad*"o>'d%"i:1*'+"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,More to ,Learn
  ,However1 they are often less porous
and can bother the skin1 especially if
worn for too long4
  qu'j:1k|"k("33q/"j:1h:`k|"r9"kt`q>`
  {o if1 once1 unless1 though/ although
dz`e:"k!"q/"j:1ct1k+'j:1?`d%`q/"j:1h:`
k|"i:12g3"j:`q/"j:1h:`k|"a&'d!aa/`j:1|`
a/`{"h:`k|"a&'d!aa/`j:1e.'f&12j+`a/`j:1
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name when 7she is7 angry4
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    ky'e~`i:"f*1
  ,Although ---- the smallest of the
litter1 ,Rudy grew up and became a
strong dog4
  7,A7 being born 7,B7 be born
  7,C7 was born   7,D7 born

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  d>1v"33 ? ,These items would have been
worn for protection from the elements
and not for style4
  ? ,C1 ,D
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az"j8"d!ad>1v"-
  #a4 ,Research has shown that consuming
tomatoes can help reduce hypertension
and ---- the risk of heart disease4
7#c/#ae7
  7,A7 characterize 7,B7 hospitalize
  7,C7 minimize     7,D7 synthesize
  #b4 ,Judy was ---- when her husband
bought her a bouquet of flowers because
he had never done that before4 7#c/#af7
  7,A7 astonished 7,B7 easygoing
  7,C7 ingenious  7,D7 outdated
  #c4 ,Doing anything ---- is likely to
invite trouble4 ,You should always look
before you leap4 7#c/#ag7
  7,A7 consequently 7,B7 periodically
  7,C7 thoroughly   7,D7 recklessly
  #d4 ,The trend of globalization has
led to an uneven ---- of wealth and a
widening gap between the rich and poor
in that country4 7#c/#ah7
  7,A7 guideline 7,B7 framework
  7,C7 mechanism 7,D7 distribution
  #e4 ,The president ---- all the
citizens of the country to take part in
volunteer work4 7#c/#ai7
  7,A7 related to 7,B7 called on
  7,C7 fought off 7,D7 dropped out
  #f4 ,It takes time and effort to
achieve success4 ,You can 't expect it
----4 7#c/#bb7
  7,A7 overnight 7,B7 indeed
  7,C7 meanwhile 7,D7 someday
   #g4 ,You might want to collect the
supermarket ---- from the newspaper4
  ,They can save you money on household
necessities4 7#c/#bc7
  7,A7 elements 7,B7 pastimes
  7,C7 coupons  7,D7 incidents
  #h4 ,After ---- and comparing the pros
and cons of the two versions of the
proposal1 we decided to adopt the
original one4 7#c/#bd7
  7,A7 draping   7,B7 plucking
  7,C7 analyzing 7,D7 insulting
  #i4 ,This line of products is cute1
but sales are low due to their ap parent
lack of any ---- function4 7#c/#be7
  7,A7 artificial  7,B7 practical
  7,C7 indifferent 7,D7 counterfeit
  #aj4 ,Those slightly damaged
vegetables are still fresh and edible4
,You just need to ---- the affected
parts before cooking them4 7#c/#bf7
  7,A7 put on    7,B7 try out
  7,C7 wear down 7,D7 cut away

  d>1v"33 #a4 ,C #b4 ,A #c4 ,D #d4 ,D
#e4 ,B #f4 ,A #g4 ,C #h4 ,C #i4 ,B #aj4
,D
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  #c/#bi r9"i3'ey'j*1
  ,Wake ,Up6 ,It's ,Moon-,Day
  ey'j*1*'/ 8"c."a:'g:"

  by ,Lauren ,Mc,Carthy
  ,You've probably had your alarm go off
on ,Monday morning and thought 8,Why80
,Most likely1 that question was more
along the lines of 8,Why can't it still
be the weekend80 than 8,Why is ,Monday
called ,Monday80 ,In regards to the
second query1 ,Monday gets its name from
the moon4 ,Let us explain4
  ,The ,Babylonians were the first to
introduce the seven-day week4 ,They were
renowned astronomers and mathematicians1
but their reasoning for the days of the
week was purely religious4 ,They arrived
at the number seven because it coincided
with the celestial bodies they
worshipped3 the ,Sun1 the ,Moon1
,Mercury1 ,Venus1 ,Mars1 ,Jupiter1 and
,Saturn4 ,The concept of a week having
seven days 7the second of which
corresponded to the ,Moon7 spread
throughout the world by way of trade and
conquest over thousands of years4
  ,Eventually1 the ,Romans picked up the
,Babylonian system1 having dropped their
original eight-day week4 ,They named the
second day of the week dies lunae after
,Luna1 the goddess of the moon4 ,This
,Latin root is still seen in the word
for ,Monday in ,Italian 7lunedi71
,French 7lundi71 and ,Spanish 7lunes74
,Meanwhile1 the ,English name came from
,Germanic origins4 ,The ,Anglo-,Saxon
word ,Monand-g meant moon's day and
eventually1 around #ajjj ,,CE1 that
became 8,Monday0 in early ,Middle
,English4
  ,Nowadays1 most people no longer
connect ,Monday to the ,Moon1 and
celebrations of that connection have
fallen by the wayside4 ,Monday is simply
defined as being the second day of the
week1 although if you flip through some
calendars there is a chance ,Monday will
mark the start of the seven-day week4
,Either way1 it means it's time to get
up and head to school4
          33333333333333333333

  ,What ,Did ,You ,Learn8
  #a4 ,Why did ,Babylonians introduce a
week with seven days8
  #b4 ,Where did the word 8,Monday0 come
from8
          33333333333333333333

    ,,words in ,Use
  #a4 query n4 *1="
  ? ,Don't hesitate to call me if you
have any queries about the contract4
  g3"d$"r!18's`gu"r!1*1="2jy`o/"{"s1|"2
m>`ix"d>`dt"r9"k0`3`-
  #b4 renowned a4 s`my1d!a
  ? ,The remote island is renowned for
its natural beauty4
  n>"h3"{1~`d!ad%`|`?'j*1ft'gv1m0`ky`:1
a/"bz'-
  #c4 reasoning n4 f$'c="2f$'c*`
  ? ,The detective's reasoning was later
proven to be faulty4
  n>"$"ky`fv"d!af$'c*`r("cw1o0"az"my1i:"
j3"d!a-
  #d4 religious a4 h&'k{"d!a
  ? ,Jim has never attended any
religious services4
  k*1m/`j&1m01jv'|"k3"gu"r!1h&'k{"c*`
ow"-
  #e4 coincide vi4 e.'q/12*'a:"
  coincide with''' |`"""*'a:"/ f&1i:1q>'
iz'
  ? ,My brother's birthday coincides
with ,Chinese ,New ,Year this year4
  k?'nt13`d*"d*"d!aiz'g:"j("j{`pz"ix"n&1
c*"e?'nt1-
  #f4 worship vt4 ky"qz"{iu1o & vi4 m<1
ow"2ky"ow"
  ? ,The people on that remote island
worship the same god4
  n>"h3"pt'~`d%`|`ix"d!agu1muad('e?"qz"
f&1*'k!"iu1-
  ? ,Muslims worship five times a day
facing towards ,Mecca4
  m/"e:'c?1*'ft'r$"b%1a!amw"k)'d!aqx'e."
m<1ow"/`j:"-
  #g4 correspond vi4 q/1r!1;e.'dx'
  correspond to ,N rv""""e.'q/1/ d$"y"
  ? ,The numbers on the keys correspond
to the mailboxes on the first floor4
  a!"e+'{"i:aix"d!ar%"m>`ku'*'c(1d!ae?"
e.'r%"m>`e.'q/1-
  #h4 conquest n4 az'q/1
  ? ,The warriors succeeded in their
conquest of new territory4
  n>"e+'av"i:"bz1k&'az'q/1n>"l7"e?'cy`
f/`-
  #i4 define vt4 k0`"""e)"dy"*"
  define ,A as ,B k.' ,A dy"*"$1 ,B
  ? ,Alice defines happiness as spending
time with her family4
  w"c*"e:'k.'l7"c!"dy"*"$1rv"k)'gu1k&"
d/"i:1k_'-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Practical ,Phrases
  #a4 go off {n%"a&',cy1iz'dz`o e.`j*`
cw1
  ? ,As soon as the alarm went off1
everyone rushed out of the building4
  ky`cy1*'e.`2j~1o/"d!agu1d('b&'b/'c!a
d>"c(1-
  #b4 in regard7s7 to''' s`k}'"""
  .k with regard7s7 to'''
  ? ,Your question in regards to bonuses
will have to wait until the next
meeting4
  n*`e3`f*1b/'s`k}'k.`k?'d!a="f*1o*"e|'
{"dz`d%"e)"j:"r$"*"hw"f*1c!a-
  #c4 arrive at''' d!1b/'"""
  ? ,We finally arrived at a conclusion
after a three-hour meeting4
  3`muahw"ev'k!"e{`i:1d!ar$"*"r("a&'|1
d!1b/'k+1c="-
  #d4 by way of''' f("k3"/ ky's1"""
  ? ,The team of explorers reached the
cave by way of a long passage4
  a!"*'h/`fv"et`k)'ky's1*'f{1bx1bx1d!a
f&'d%"d*`d>1d&"e8"-
  #e4 pick up''' jw`6"/ {o/"ky'*"d!ao
e81d%""""
  ? ,Kelly picked up a little ,Spanish
during her trip to ,Mexico4
  lw`c*"d%"m<"e*'k!'c|`ey1j*1kt'e81d%"
c!a*'dt`e*'ov')1=1-
  #f4 fall by the wayside o/"hw"s`gu1i:1
ey1/ i:`6";a&'f/1i:'ow"2{`a!1
  wayside n4 c/"ot'
  ? ,Daniel's goal of reforming the
educational system fell by the wayside4
  dv'n*1:`{"kw`k!1k{"|"e*"f&`d!am/"o{'{`
a!1c!a-
  #g4 flip through''' l7"e/"qv'8"/ cs1
cv`"""
  ? ,Lisa flipped through the travel
brochure4
  c*"i>'l7"e/"qv'c!a*'e)"c|`s1i(`j!"-
  #h4 either way o/"k}`hu`."
  ? ,We can go by train or by bus4
,Either way1 it'll take us more than
four hours to get there4
  3`mual!`*`h3"r3`b!'r3"k&'b!'j|"- o/"
k}`hu`."2d%"n>"c*`d('d0`r9'e:"k!"e{`i:1
*`ix"d!ai:1kt'-
          33333333333333333333

  wake up vs get up
  wake up r3" get up d('l!`*`o{`i:"k_`*"
d!aj*`b_12dv"s`e+'$1o/"f&133
  a4 wake up o{`;-ey`cw1-22/1c="i:"i$"
d%"h:"gv1ey`,o0"k)'gu1k{"ey`,o0"i(`k*'
b%`ey`2r3"o0"b&`/"jw`ey`2a:`{"i:"az'lw'
t`ky'2o/"hw"b/`|1i$"mt1a_"fw"2ks"e}"i:"
gu1rw1hw"b_1ix"2d('o{`i:";-ey`cw1-2-
  ? ,When ,I woke up this morning1 ,I
found my pet cat sleeping on my belly4
  3`k?'ft'h%`ix"ey`cw1i:12q>'et"3`d!ab&`
/"m%'i$"hw"3`d!ad/"h:aix"-
  b4 get up o{`;-j*`b_1-22+`ks"i:"o/"dv"
ey`c!a2+`*`ky'c*1lw'b_1ix"2e)"b_1lw'i:`
av`e?'d!a*'ft'-
  ? ,Get up at the same time every day4
,In this way1 it will be easier to fall
asleep at night4
  m0`ft'k/"dy"i:1kt'j*`b_1- a!"."}`ix"
o*`k{"g&1*"g/"i$"-
  *`e)"k+"i%"*'e+'rv";-i$"mt1-2,;-j*`
b_1-2 e.'k}'d!a6"|`33
  c4 an early bird h%`j*`d!agu1
  a night owl +"m%'h:`
  ? ,Ed is not an early bird4 ,He never
goes to bed before #d3jj a4 m4 and
always wakes up after noon4
  w"d!1o/"i:"k!"h%`j*`d!agu1- f>'j&1o/"
hw"cy1bu1e:"dt`jt1ix"b_1i$"k{"2:1j+`h&`
i:"a&'/`k3"r("jw1j*`b_1-
  d4 oversleep vi4 i$"k3"f(1
  ? ,I took this morning off because ,I
overslept4
  3`k?'ft'h%`ix"jy`k)"2?'$"3`i$"k3"f(1
c!a-
  e4 crawl back in bed i$"r$1c&1k{"
  ? ,Nancy got up at #g3jj a4 m4 but
decided to crawl back in bed after
finishing her breakfast4
  nv1e*'h%`ix"j*'dt`j*`b_12dv"hw"b:'}1
h%`jv'r("k81dy"j|"i$"r$1c&1k{"-
  f4 wake up/ get up on the wrong side
of the bed s`j*`b_1j*"
  .k get out of bed 7on7 the wrong side
  ? ,Tom seems to have gotten up on the
wrong side of the bed today4 ,He looks
angry4
  fx'm/`k?'ft'r%`e."s`j*`b_1j*"- f>'lv"
j*`cw1ru`iz'j*"-
          33333333333333333333

    ,Words for ,Reference
  {o astronomer n4 ft'=1e81k)'
  {o mathematician n4 i/"e81k)'
  {o a celestial body ft'f*`
  celestial a4 ft'l&'d!a
          33333333333333333333

  ,Ivy e61e{`o*`k*"
  *`e)"$1ou`=1a&'b/'et"k3"d!aey'js1my1
bz'33
  ? the ,Sun fw".1
  ? the ,Moon 8"c."28"js1
  ? ,Mercury n4 i$`ey'
  ? ,Venus n4 k?'ey'
  ? ,Mars n4 r3`ey'
  ? ,Jupiter n4 m/"ey'
  ? ,Saturn n4 f/`ey'
  ey'j*1*'/ 8"c."a:'g:"
  n*`l!`nz1jz1hw"m(`k!"ey'j*1*'h%`ix"n%"
a&'e.`j*`i:1e.`a!a33;-$"i!1m!ao-2 n>"k!"
="f*1o>'bz1o*`k{"s`l!`nz1i:"a:`;-$"i!1
m!ao/"nz1rw1i:"a('m<"o-2 :1o*`k{"o/"r$"
i:";-$"i!1m!aey'j*1*'o0"bz'$1 ,Monday80
k}'|1d*":"k!"="f*12ey'j*1*'d!amy1h:"i:"
j&18"c.":1cw1d!a- g&13`muak+`i:"*'e)"-
  h$"et'i:1ey1*'a('j*'ft'a:"d!ai:"o>'o*`
c=1gu1- f>'muai:"a/"my1d!aft'=1e81k)'rv"
i/"e81k)'2dv"f>'muad$"|1m0`a('ft'i/"d!a
f$'e}"b=1j$"i:"b/'|1h&'k{"- f>'muah$"r("
d!1b/'i/"h:"j*'2i:"?'$"j*'rv"f>'muaky"
qz"d!aft'f*`az"j{`i/"m/"*'."2a!"e+'ft'
f*`$133fw".1,8"c.",i$`ey',k?'ey',r3`ey',
m/"ey'rv"f/`ey'- *'a('s`j*'ft'd!aa!"k!"
kw"nt"{d*":"ft'd$"y"d!ai:"8"c."o hw"r("
cw1d!ai/"jt'nt1a:'a&'2f("k3"m%"*"rv"az'
q/1:1b}1ot"j~1js1-
  h$"r("2c31m>`gu1jw`6"c!ao>'o*`c=1d!a
e*"f&`2i!`j*"c!af>'mua~1ou`d!a*'a('o>'
ft'a:"- f>'mua*`8"c."n|`iu1d!amy1h:"c/"
n>" 7,Luna71 k.'*'a('d!ad*":"ft'my"my1$1
dies lunae4 a!"k!"c>'dy'h:"ku'g/1k?'rw1
nz1hw"*"d>"c*"=1 7lunedi71 q>"=1 7lundi7
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  #a4 ,Because the number seven
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worshipped4
  #b4 ,A ,German language4
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  ,P3 ,I thought you loved living in the
dorms4
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and out all the time4
  ,P3 ,What happened8
  ,S3 ,A guy in our building had a
couple of his friends living in his
room4 ,They were there for five months4
  ,P3 ,Now you're all having to pay the
price4
  ,S3 ,It just goes to show that one
rotten apple spoils the barrel4 ,Now we
all have to carry a pass and sign in
every evening4
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  ? ,My girlfriend is studying abroad
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  #a4 ---- what to do was an
embarrassment for him4
  7,A7 ,Don't know  7,B7 ,Not known
  7,C7 ,To not know 7,D7 ,Not knowing
  #b4 ,I won't consider ---- my job at
this time4
  7,A7 quit     7,B7 to quit
  7,C7 quitting 7,D7 to quitting
  #c4 ,The book is worth ----4
  7,A7 reading 7,B7 read
  7,C7 to read 7,D7 of reading

  d>1v"33 #a4 7,D7 #b4 7,C7 #c4 7,A7
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